1. ã¯ããã«: Adaèšèªã®éèŠæ§
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿èšèªã®äžçã«ã¯æ§ã ãªèšèªãååšããŠããŸãããäžã§ãAdaã¯ç¹ç°ãªäœçœ®ãå ããŠããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãAdaã®èæ¯ãšãã®éèŠæ§ã«ã€ããŠç°¡åã«è§£èª¬ããŸãã
1.1 Adaãšã¯: ç°¡åãªèæ¯
Adaã¯ã1970幎代åŸåã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«åœé²ç·çã®èŠè«ã§éçºãå§ãŸã£ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããåœæãè€æ°ã®ç°ãªãããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã䜿çšãããŠããããšãããçµ±äžãããèšèªã®å¿ èŠæ§ãçããŸãããAdaã®ååã¯ã19äžçŽã®èšç®æ©ã®ãã€ãªãã¢ã§ãããšã€ãã»ã©ãã¬ã¹ã«ã¡ãªãã§åä»ããããŸããã
Adaã¯ãé«ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãšç¶æ管çã®ãããããç¹åŸŽãšããç¹ã«é²è¡ã»èªç©ºå®å®ã»äº€éå¶åŸ¡ãªã©ã®ã¯ãªãã£ã«ã«ãªã·ã¹ãã ã§ã®å©çšãæšå¥šãããŠããŸãã
1.2 Adaãéžã°ããçç±: ä¿¡é Œæ§ãšå®å šæ§
Adaãå€ãã®ç£æ¥åéã§éžã°ããæ倧ã®çç±ã¯ããã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ãšå®å šæ§ã«ãããŸãã以äžãAdaãæã€äž»èŠãªç¹æ§ãè¡šã§ç€ºããŸãã
ç¹æ§ | 詳现 |
---|---|
åå®å šæ§ | å€æ°ã®åéã§ã®èª€ã£ãæäœãé²ãããã®å³æ Œãªåãã§ãã¯ãè¡ãããŸãã |
ã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ãã§ã㯠| ãªãŒããŒãããŒãé åã®å¢çå€ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãªã©ã®ãšã©ãŒãã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ã§æ€åºããŸãã |
䞊è¡åŠçã®ãµããŒã | ã¿ã¹ã¯ãšããç¬èªã®æŠå¿µãéããŠã䞊è¡åŠçã容æã«è¡ããŸãã |
ãããã®ç¹æ§ã«ãããAdaã¯å€ãã®ã¯ãªãã£ã«ã«ãªã·ã¹ãã ã«ãããŠããã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ãšå®å šæ§ãçºæ®ããŠããŸãã
2. Adaããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®åæ©
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®äžçã«ãããŠãåæ©çãªç¥èãç°å¢æ§ç¯ã¯éåžžã«éèŠã§ããAdaã«ãããŠããåºæ¬çãªæ§æãå¶åŸ¡æ§é ãç解ããããšããå¹æçãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ç¬¬äžæ©ãšãªããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãAdaã§ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãã¹ã ãŒãºã«å§ããããã®æ å ±ãæäŸããŸãã
2.1 ç°å¢æ§ç¯: Adaã§ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãéå§ããæ¹æ³
Adaã§ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãå§ããã«ã¯ãå°çšã®ã³ã³ãã€ã©ãéçºç°å¢ãå¿ èŠã§ããäž»ã«å©çšãããã®ã¯ãGNU Adaã³ã³ãã€ã©ãªã©ã®ç¡æã®ããŒã«ããç£æ¥çšéåãã®é«äŸ¡ãªããŒã«ã»ããããããŸãã
åããŠã®æ¹ã«ã¯ãGNU Adaã³ã³ãã€ã©ãæšå¥šããŸãããã®ã³ã³ãã€ã©ã¯ç¡æã§æäŸãããŠãããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãã·ã³ãã«ã§ãããŸããå€ãã®ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã§åäœããŸãã
2.2 åºæ¬çãªæ§æ: å€æ°ãããŒã¿åãæŒç®å
Adaã®åºæ¬çãªæ§æã¯ãä»ã®å€ãã®èšèªãšå ±éã®ç¹æ§ãæã£ãŠããŸããå€æ°å®£èšãããŒã¿åã®æå®ãæŒç®åã®äœ¿çšæ¹æ³ãªã©ãåŠã¶ããšã§ãåºæ¬çãªããã°ã©ã ãæžãããšãã§ããããã«ãªããŸãã
äŸãšããŠãæŽæ°ãæ±ãéã®å€æ°å®£èšã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ãªããŸã:
Number : Integer;
ãã®ããã«ãã:ãã®åŸã«ããŒã¿åãæå®ããããšã§ãå€æ°ã®åãå®çŸ©ããŸãããŸããAdaã«ã¯æ°å€ãã®æŒç®åãçšæãããŠãããç®è¡æŒç®ãæ¯èŒæŒç®ã容æã«è¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã
2.3 å¶åŸ¡æ§é : æ¡ä»¶åå²ãšã«ãŒã
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã«ãããå¶åŸ¡æ§é ã¯ãæ¡ä»¶åå²ãã«ãŒããªã©ãããã°ã©ã ã®æµããå¶åŸ¡ããããã®éèŠãªèŠçŽ ã§ããAdaãããã®ãããªå¶åŸ¡æ§é ãè±å¯ã«åããŠããŸãã
æ¡ä»¶åå²ã«ã¯ãifãããã«ãŒãåŠçã«ã¯ãloopããçšããŸããç¹ã«ããloopãã«ã¯ããŸããŸãªçš®é¡ããããäŸãã°ãwhileãã䜿ã£ãæ¡ä»¶ãæç«ããŠããéã®ç¹°ãè¿ããããforãã䜿ã£ãç¹å®ã®åæ°ã®ç¹°ãè¿ããªã©ãç¶æ³ã«å¿ããæé©ãªã«ãŒãåŠçãéžæããããšãã§ããŸãã
3. Adaã®å¿çš: é«åºŠãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°æè¡
åºæ¬çãªæ§æãå¶åŸ¡æ§é ãç解ãããã次ã«é²ãã¹ãã¯Adaã®é«åºŠãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°æè¡ã§ãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãã¢ãžã¥ã©ãŒãªã³ãŒãèšèšã䞊è¡ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ããããŠäŸå€åŠçã«é¢ãã詳现ãªæ å ±ãæäŸããŸãã
3.1 æç¶ããšé¢æ°: ã¢ãžã¥ã©ãŒãªã³ãŒãèšèš
Adaã§ã¯ãæç¶ããé¢æ°ãå©çšããŠãã³ãŒããã¢ãžã¥ã©ãŒã«èšèšããããšãæšå¥šãããŠããŸããããã«ãããã³ãŒãã®åå©çšæ§ãã¡ã³ããã³ã¹æ§ãå€§å¹ ã«åäžããŸããæç¶ãã¯äœããã®åŠçãå®è¡ããåäœã§ãé¢æ°ã¯å€ãè¿ãæç¶ããšèããããšãã§ããŸãã
äŸãšããŠãæŽæ°ãäºä¹ããé¢æ°ã¯ä»¥äžã®ããã«ãªããŸã:
function Square (Num : Integer) return Integer is
begin
return Num * Num;
end Square;
ãã®é¢æ°ãåŒã³åºãããšã§ãç°¡åã«æŽæ°ã®äºä¹ãèšç®ããããšãã§ããŸãã
3.2 䞊è¡ããã°ã©ãã³ã°: ã¿ã¹ã¯ãšãããã¯ã
çŸä»£ã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ã§ã¯ãå€ãã®ããã»ã¹ãã¹ã¬ãããåæã«åäœããŠããŸãããã®ãããªäžŠè¡æ§ãåãæ±ããããAdaã«ã¯ã¿ã¹ã¯ãšãããã¯ããšããæŠå¿µãå°å ¥ãããŠããŸããã¿ã¹ã¯ã¯ç¬ç«ããå®è¡åäœã§ããããã¯ãã¯ã¿ã¹ã¯éã®ããŒã¿ç«¶åãåæãå®å šã«è¡ãããã®æ©æ§ã§ãã
äŸãã°ã2ã€ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ãåæã«åäœãããããã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ãå ±éã®ããŒã¿ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããå Žåããããã¯ããå©çšããŠããŒã¿ã®äžè²«æ§ãä¿ã€ããšãã§ããŸãã
3.3 äŸå€åŠç: ãšã©ãŒãããŸãæ±ã
ããã°ã©ã ã®å®è¡äžã«ã¯ããŸããŸãªãšã©ãŒãçºçããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããã®ãããªç¶æ³ã§ãé©åã«ãšã©ãŒãåŠçããããšãéèŠã§ããAdaã«ã¯åŒ·åãªäŸå€åŠçæ©æ§ããããäºæããªããšã©ãŒãç¹å®ã®æ¡ä»¶äžã§ã®ãšã©ãŒãããŸãæ±ãããšãã§ããŸãã
äŸå€ãå®çŸ©ãããããæ€åºããå Žåã®åŠçãèšè¿°ããããšã§ãããã°ã©ã ã®å®å®æ§ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãé«ããããšãã§ããŸãã
4. Adaãšä»ã®èšèªãšã®é¢é£æ§
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®äžçã«ã¯å€æ°ã®èšèªãååšããŸããããããã®èšèªã«ã¯ãç¹æã®ç¹åŸŽãçšéããããŸããAdaããã®äžã®1ã€ã§ãããä»ã®å€ãã®èšèªãšç°ãªãç¬èªã®ç¹åŸŽãæã£ãŠããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãAdaãšä»ã®äž»èŠãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšã®éãããã¯ãã¹ãã©ãããã©ãŒã éçºã«ãããAdaã®åœ¹å²ã«ã€ããŠè©³ããèŠãŠãããŸãã
4.1 ä»ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšã®éã
å€ãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãååšããäžã§ãAdaãæã€æ倧ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ããã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ãšå®å šæ§ã«éç¹ã眮ããŠèšèšãããŠããç¹ã§ããäŸãã°ãCãJavaãªã©ã®ä»ã®èšèªã§ã¯ãã¡ã¢ãªç®¡çããšã©ãŒãã³ããªã³ã°ãéçºè ã®è²¬ä»»ã«ãªãå Žåãå€ãã§ããããããAdaã§ã¯ããããã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ãèšèªèªäœããµããŒãããŠãããéçºè ãå®å šãªã³ãŒããæžãããããªã£ãŠããŸãã
ãŸããAdaã¯ãªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã·ã¹ãã ãçµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ã«ç¹åããŠããããããããã®é åã§ã®éçºã«éåžžã«é©ããŠããŸããäžæ¹ãPythonãJavaScriptã®ãããªèšèªã¯ãWebéçºãããŒã¿è§£æãªã©ã®é åã§ã®äœ¿çšãäž»æµã§ãã
4.2 Adaã§ã®ã¯ãã¹ãã©ãããã©ãŒã éçº
Adaã¯ãããŸããŸãªãã©ãããã©ãŒã ãOSã§åäœããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçºã«ã察å¿ããŠããŸããããã«ããã1ã€ã®ã³ãŒãããŒã¹ã§WindowsãMacãLinuxãªã©ã®è€æ°ã®OSã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãéçºããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
ããã¯ãAdaãæã€æšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªãããŒã«ãã§ãŒã³ã«ãããµããŒãã«ãããã®ã§ãããã«ããéçºè ã¯ã¯ãã¹ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³éçºãããç°¡åã«ããããŠå¹ççã«è¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã
5. èªç©ºå®å®æ¥çã«ãããAdaã®æŽ»çš
è¿å¹Žããã¯ãããžãŒã®é²åãšãšãã«ãèªç©ºå®å®æ¥çã®éèŠãæ¥éã«æ¡å€§ããŠããŸãããã®åéã§ã®ã·ã¹ãã ã¯éåžžã«é«ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãæ±ãããããããéžã°ããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®éžæã¯éåžžã«éèŠãšãªããŸããããããäžãAdaã¯ãã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ãšå®å šæ§ãæã€ç¹æ§ãããå€ãã®èªç©ºå®å®ãããžã§ã¯ãã§éžã°ããŠããŸããã
5.1 Adaã®èªç©ºå®å®ãžã®å¯äž
Adaã®æ倧ã®ç¹é·ã¯ããã®å ç¢ãªåã·ã¹ãã ãšé«åºŠãªãšã©ãŒãã§ãã¯æ©èœã§ããããã«ãããäºæããªãåäœããã°ã®ãªã¹ã¯ãå€§å¹ ã«æžå°ãããããšãã§ããŸããèªç©ºå®å®æ¥çã§ã¯ãäžã€ã®ãã¹ãåœåããšãªãããšãèããããããããã®ãããªä¿¡é Œæ§ã¯éåžžã«éèŠã§ãã
ãŸããAdaã«ã¯ãªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºããµããŒãããæ©èœãè±å¯ã«åãã£ãŠãããããã«ããå®éã®éçšç°å¢ã§ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒãªã³ã°ããªãœãŒã¹ç®¡çãå¹ççã«è¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã
5.2 ç¹å®ã®èªç©ºæ©ãè¡æã§ã®äºäŸ
Adaã¯ãå€ãã®èªç©ºæ©ãå®å®ãããžã§ã¯ãã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãããäŸãšããŠãããŒã€ã³ã°ããšã¢ãã¹ã®äžéšã®æ 客æ©ã®å¶åŸ¡ãœãããŠã§ã¢éçºã«Adaãæ¡çšãããŠããŸãããããã®æ©äœã¯ãè€éãªã·ã¹ãã ãæã£ãŠããããã®å¶åŸ¡ã«ã¯é«ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãæ±ããããŸãã
ãŸããå®å®åéã§ããå€ãã®äººå·¥è¡æãæ¢æ»æ©ã®éçºã§Adaãæ¡çšãããŠããŸãããããã®ã·ã¹ãã ããŸããé«ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãæ±ãããããããAdaã®æã€å ç¢ããå®å šæ§ãé«ãè©äŸ¡ãããŠããŸãã
6. ééãšäº€éå¶åŸ¡ã·ã¹ãã ã§ã®Adaã®å©çš
çŸä»£ç€ŸäŒã«ããã亀éã€ã³ãã©ã®äžå¿ãšãèšããééããã®å®å šæ§ãšå¹çæ§ã¯ãæ¯æ¥ã®ç§»åã«ãããŠæã ã«ãšã£ãŠæ¬ ãããªããã®ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãããã®ãããªé«åºŠãªã·ã¹ãã ã®èåŸã«ã¯ãAdaã®ãããªããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãæ¯ããŠããŸãã
6.1 å®å šéèŠã®äº€éã·ã¹ãã éçº
Adaãééã亀éå¶åŸ¡ã·ã¹ãã ã«éžã°ãã倧ããªçç±ã¯ããã®å®å šæ§ãžã®åŒ·ãã³ãããã¡ã³ãã«ãããŸããééã®å¶åŸ¡ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ã倧éã®ä¹å®¢ã®åœãçŽæ¥é ãããã®ã§ãããããã§ã®ãã¹ã¯é倧ãªäºæ ã«ã€ãªããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããAdaã®å ç¢ãªåã·ã¹ãã ããšã©ãŒãã§ãã¯æ©èœã¯ããã®ãããªã·ã¹ãã ã§ã®ãã°ãäºæãã¬æåã極åæé€ããããã«å¿ èŠäžå¯æ¬ ãªãã®ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
ããã«ãAdaã«ã¯ãªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã åŠçããµããŒãããæ©èœãåãã£ãŠãããããã«ããæ£ç¢ºãªã¿ã€ãã³ã°ã§ã®å¶åŸ¡ãè¿ éãªã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹ãæ±ãããã亀éå¶åŸ¡ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºã«ãé©ããŠããŸãã
6.2 倧æééäŒç€Ÿã§ã®å®éã®å°å ¥äŸ
å®éã«ãå€ãã®å é²åœã®ééäŒç€Ÿã亀éæ©é¢ãAdaãå°å ¥ããŠããŸããäŸãã°ããšãŒãããã®èåãªé«éééã§ãããŠãŒãã¹ã¿ãŒããæ¥æ¬ã®æ°å¹¹ç·ã§ããå¶åŸ¡ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºã«Adaãå©çšãããŠãããšèšãããŠããŸãã
ãããã®ééã¯ãé«ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãšæ£ç¢ºãªæå»éè¡ãæ±ãããããããAdaã®ãããªå ç¢ã§ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®é«ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãéžã°ããŠããã®ã§ãã
7. çµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ãšAda
çµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãç§ãã¡ã®æ¥åžžç掻ã«æ¬ ãããªãååšãšãªã£ãŠãããããŸããŸãªè£œåã®äžã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããŸãããããã®ã·ã¹ãã ãæ±ããããä¿¡é Œæ§ãå¹çæ§ã確ä¿ããããã«ãAdaã¯å€ãã®åéã§éå®ãããŠããŸãã
7.1 ç£æ¥æ©æ¢°ãå»çæ©åšã§ã®æŽ»çšäºäŸ
ç£æ¥æ©æ¢°ãå»çæ©åšãšãã£ã粟å¯ãªæ©åšã®å¶åŸ¡ã«ã¯ããã¹ãèš±ãããªãé«ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãæ±ããããŸããäŸãã°ã補é ã©ã€ã³ã®ããããããæ£è ã®çåœãçŽæ¥é ããå»çæ©åšã¯ãäžåã®ãšã©ãŒãèš±ãããŸãããããããç°å¢äžã§ãAdaã¯ãã®å ç¢ããšé«ãä¿¡é Œæ§ã§éžã°ããŠããŸãã
ç¹ã«ãå»çåéã§ã¯èšºææ¯æŽã·ã¹ãã ãæè¡ãããããªã©ã®å é²çãªæè¡ãå°å ¥ãããŠããããããã®èåŸã«ã¯Adaã®æè¡ã掻çšãããŠããäºäŸãå€ããšèšãããŠããŸãã
7.2 Adaãããããçµã¿èŸŒã¿éçºã®å©ç¹
çµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºã«ãããŠãAdaãæã€å©ç¹ã¯æ°å€ããããŸãããŸããAdaã®åŒ·éãªåã·ã¹ãã ãäŸå€åŠçæ©æ§ã«ãããã·ã¹ãã ã®å®å®æ§ã倧ããåäžããŸããããã«ãAdaã«ã¯ãªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã åŠçããµããŒãããæ©èœãåãã£ãŠãããã¿ã€ãã³ã°ãéåžžã«éèŠãšãªãçµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºã«ãé©ããŠããŸãã
ãŸããAdaã®éçºç°å¢ãããŒã«ã¯ãçµã¿èŸŒã¿éçºãè¡ãéã®ãããã°ããã¹ããå¹ççã«è¡ãããšããµããŒãããŠããŸããããã«ãããé«å質ãªçµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ãè¿ éã«éçºããããšãå¯èœãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
8. é²è¡ã»è»äºåéã«ãããAdaã®å°å ¥
é²è¡ãè»äºãšãã£ãåéã§ã¯ãæè¡ã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ãšæ£ç¢ºæ§ãæãéèŠãªèŠçŽ ãšãããŠããŸãããã®ãããªå³æ ŒãªèŠä»¶ã®ããšãAdaã¯ãã®é«ãå®å šæ§ãšä¿¡é Œæ§ããå€ãã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã§éžã°ããŠããŸãã
8.1 åœéçãªé²è¡ãããžã§ã¯ãã§ã®æ¡çšäºäŸ
å€ãã®åœéçãªé²è¡ãããžã§ã¯ãã«ãããŠãAdaã®å°å ¥ãé²ããããŠããŸããããšãã°ãããµã€ã«ã®èªå°ã·ã¹ãã ãè»çšæ©ã®ã¢ããªãã¯ã¹ãããã«ã¯æŠç¥çéä¿¡ã·ã¹ãã ãªã©ãããŸããŸãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§Adaãäžæ žãšããŠæ¡çšãããŠããŸãããã®ãããªãããžã§ã¯ãã§ã¯ããšã©ãŒã®äœå°ããªããã·ã¹ãã ã®ããŠã³ã¿ã€ã ãæ©èœã®äžå ·åãé倧ãªçµæãæãå¯èœæ§ããããããAdaã®ãããªç¢ºããªæè¡åºç€ãå¿ èŠäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãã
8.2 Adaã«ããé«åºŠãªæè¡å®è£
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