1. IoTãšã¯äœãïŒ
1.1 IoTã®å®çŸ©
IoTãã€ãŸãInternet of Thingsã¯ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«æ¥ç¶ãããäºãã«éä¿¡ããæ§ã ãªããã®ããæããŸããããã¯å®¶é»è£œåãèªåè»ãå·¥å Žã®æ©åšãè¡ç¯ããè¡£æã«è³ããŸã§ããããããã®ãå«ãŸããŸãã
IoTã¯æ å ±éä¿¡æè¡(ICT)ã掻çšããããžã¿ã«å€é©ãæšé²ããç©ççãªäžçãšããžã¿ã«äžçãç¹ããŸããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãã»ã³ãµãŒããœãããŠã§ã¢ãéããŠç©çäžçããã®ããŒã¿ãåéããããããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããçµç±ã§å ±æãã解æããããšã«ãããããããããã®ããšãç°å¢ããããå¹ççã§ã€ã³ããªãžã§ã³ãã«å¶åŸ¡ããããšãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãã
èŠããã«ãIoTã¯ç©çäžçãšããžã¿ã«äžçãäžäœåããæªæ¥ãå¯èœã«ããŸãã
1.2 IoTãçãŸããèæ¯
IoTã¯æ å ±éä¿¡æè¡ã®çºå±ãç¹ã«ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããšã¢ãã€ã«éä¿¡ã®æ®åãã»ã³ãµãŒæè¡ã®é²åããããŠã¯ã©ãŠãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®å°é ã«ãããæ¥éã«é²å±ããŠããŸããããã«ããã人éã ãã§ãªããã¢ããããŒã¿ãéåä¿¡ããããšãå¯èœã«ãªãããã¢ããšã¢ããã€ãªãããäžçãå®çŸããŠããŸãã
äžçäžã«æ£ãã°ãæ å ±ããŸãšããããåæãããæ°ããªäŸ¡å€ãçã¿åºãããšã§ã瀟äŒå šäœã®å¹çåãç掻ã®å©äŸ¿æ§åäžãªã©ãå³ãããŠããŸãããŸãã倧éã®ããŒã¿ã掻çšããããšã§ãããŒã¿åææè¡ãAIïŒäººå·¥ç¥èœïŒã®ãããªãé²å±ãä¿ããŠããŸãã
ã€ãŸããIoTã®èæ¯ã«ã¯ãã¯ãããžãŒã®é²åãšç€ŸäŒã®éèŠããããŸãã
1.3 IoTã®çŸç¶ãšæªæ¥
çŸåšãIoTã¯ã¹ããŒãããŒã ããŠã§ã¢ã©ãã«ããã€ã¹ãã¹ããŒãã·ãã£ãã¹ããŒããã¡ã¯ããªãŒãèªåè»æ¥çãªã©ãå€å²ã«ãããåéã§å®çšåã»å¿çšãããŠããŸããå ããŠããã«ã¹ã±ã¢ã蟲æ¥ããšãã«ã®ãŒãç©æµãªã©ã®ç£æ¥ã«ãããIoTã®æŽ»çšãé²ãã§ããŸãã
æªæ¥ã«ãããŠã¯ã5GãAIãšãã£ãæ°ããæè¡ãšçµã¿åãããããšã§ãããå€ãã®ã¢ãããããã«ã€ãªãããããã¹ããŒãã§å¹ççãªç€ŸäŒãå®çŸãããããšã§ãããããŸããæ°ããªããžãã¹ã¢ãã«ãç£æ¥é åãçãŸãã瀟äŒå šäœã®çµæžæé·ã«å¯äžããã§ãããã
ãããããèŠãŠããIoTã¯çµ¶ããé²åãç¶ããŠããããšãããããŸãã
1.4 IoTãšããžãã¹ã瀟äŒ
IoTã®æ®åã¯ãããžãã¹ãšç€ŸäŒã«ãããŠã倧ããªåœ±é¿ãåãŒããŠããŸãã補åããµãŒãã¹ãIoTåããããšã§ãæ¶è²»è ãšã®æ¥ç¶ã匷åããæ°ããªé¡§å®¢äœéšãæäŸã§ããŸãããŸããäŒæ¥éã§ã®ããŒã¿å ±æãä¿é²ããããžãã¹ã®çç£æ§ãšå¹çæ§ãåäžãããæœåšèœåããããŸãã
瀟äŒã«ãããŠã¯ãIoTã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒå¹çã®æ¹åã亀éæžæ»ã®è»œæžãå ¬è¡è¡çãšå®å šã®åäžãªã©ãããŸããŸãªèª²é¡è§£æ±ºã«è²¢ç®ããŠããŸãããŸããæ å ±ã®ããã³ãã©ã€ã³ã«ããIoTããã€ã¹ããå¯ãããããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ããŒã¿ã®æŽ»çšã«ãããããå¹æçãªææ決å®ãè¡ãããšãå¯èœãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
IoTã¯ãåã ã®ããžãã¹ã«çãŸããã瀟äŒå šäœã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããŸãã
2. IoTäŒæ¥ãšãã®æ¥çåæ
2.1 IoTäŒæ¥ã®ç¹åŸŽ
IoTäŒæ¥ãšã¯ãæ§ã ãªç©äœã«ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããæ¥ç¶æ©èœãæèŒããããšã§ãæ å ±åéãé éæäœçãå¯èœã«ããæè¡ãæ±ãäŒæ¥ã®ããšãæããŸããIoTãã®æ¥åžžç掻ãè±ããªãã®ã«ããã ãã§ãªããããžãã¹ãã£ã³ã¹ãçã¿åºããŸãã
äŸãã°ãã¢ããšã¢ããã€ãªããããã¢ããšã·ã¹ãã ãçµ±åãããããããšã§ãæ§ã ãªããŒãºã«åãããæ°ããªäŸ¡å€ãåµåºããŠããŸããIoTäŒæ¥ã¯ãããããç¬èªã®æè¡ããµãŒãã¹ãé§äœ¿ããŠç«¶äºãããããšã§åžå ŽãåºããŠããŸãã
ãŸããããŒã¿åæã«ãåãå ¥ããŠããŸããIoTããã€ã¹ããåŸããã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãããŸã掻çšããããšã§ãæ°ããªããžãã¹ã¢ãã«ããµãŒãã¹ãçã¿åºãããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸãããŸãã«IoTã¯ãæ å ±ç€ŸäŒãããé²åããã倧ããªèŠçŽ ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
2.2 IoTæ¥çã®ãã¬ã³ã
IoTæ¥çã¯ããã®åªããé£æºãšããŒã¿åæèœåã«ããã補é æ¥ããå»çãŸã§æ§ã ãªæ¥çã«è²¢ç®ããæ°ããªãã¬ã³ããçãã§ããŸãããã®ååãæŽãããšã¯ãIoTäŒæ¥ã®ããžãã¹æåã®éµãšãªããŸãã
çŸåšã®ãã¬ã³ããšããŠã¯ãAIïŒäººå·¥ç¥èœïŒã®é²åãåãå¥ããŠãããšèšããŸããAIãšIoTã®çµã¿åããã«ãããIoTããã€ã¹ããåéããã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãããææ矩ã«æŽ»çšãããããã«ãªããæé©ãªãµãŒãã¹æäŸããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã®ææ決å®ãå¯èœãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
ãŸãã5Gã®æ®åãšãããã¬ã³ããèŠéããŸããã5Gã®é«éã»å€§å®¹ééä¿¡ã«ãããããå€ãã®IoTããã€ã¹ãã¹ã ãŒãºã«ã€ãªããããšã§ãæ§ã ãªå¯èœæ§ãåºãããšæåŸ ãããŠããŸãã
2.3 IoTåžå ŽèŠæš¡ã®äºæž¬
IoTåžå Žã¯æ¡å€§ã®äžéããã©ã£ãŠããŸããç¹ã«ã瀟äŒã®ããžã¿ã«åãé²ãã ããšã§ãIoTãã¯ãããžãŒã®éèŠæ§ãå¢ããŠããŸãã
æ¥æ¬åœå ã®IoTåžå ŽèŠæš¡ã¯å¹Žã å¢å ããŠãããæ§ã ãªåéã§ãã®æŽ»çšãæåŸ ãããŠããŸãã補é æ¥ã ãã§ãªããæµéãç©æµãå»çãçŠç¥ãªã©ãå¹ åºãåéã§IoTã®å¯èœæ§ãèŠèŸŒãŸããŠããŸãã
ãŸããäžççãªèŠç¹ã§ãIoTåžå Žã®æ¡å€§ãäºæž¬ãããŠããŸããæµ·å€ã®æåãªèª¿æ»æ©é¢ã«ããã°ãIoTåžå ŽèŠæš¡ã¯ä»åŸãé«ãæé·çãç¶æãããããªãçºå±ãèŠèŸŒãŸããŠããŸãã
2.4 IoTäŒæ¥ã®æåèŠå
IoTäŒæ¥ãæåãåããŠããèŠå ã¯ããã€ããããŸããããã®äžã§ãç¹ã«éèŠãªã®ããç¬èªã®æè¡éçºãã§ããIoTäŒæ¥ã§ããã°ãå¿ ãããä»ç€Ÿãšç«¶åããããã§ã¯ãªããèªèº«ã®åŒ·ã¿ã掻ãããç¬èªã®è£œåããµãŒãã¹ãæäŸããããšã§å·®å¥åãå³ãããšãå¯èœã§ãã
ãŸãããæé©ãªäºæ¥é åã®éžæããéèŠã§ããIoTã¯å®ã«æ§ã ãªæ¥çš®ã»æ¥çã§æŽ»çšãããŠããŸããããã®äžã§èªç€Ÿã®æè¡ãæãçãããé åãèŠæ¥µããã§ããã ãæ©ããã®é åã«é²åºããããšãæ±ããããŸãã
å ããŠããããŒãããŒã·ããããæåã®äžå©ãšãªããŸããIoTãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®å šãŠãäžç€Ÿã§æ ãã®ã¯é£ãããããååéã®ããŒãããŒãšååããäžç·ã«äŸ¡å€ãæäŸããããšã§äºæ¥ãæ¡å€§ããŠããŸãã
3. IoTäŒæ¥ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®éžæåºæº
IoTäŒæ¥ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®éžæåºæºãç解ããããšã§ãã©ã®äŒæ¥ãå é²çã§ãããã©ã®äŒæ¥ãä»åŸã®ååããªãŒãããŠããããæ確ã«æãããšãã§ããŸãããŸãããããã®åºæºã¯IoTæ¥çãžã®å°±è·ã転è·ãèããæ¹ã ã«ãšã£ãŠã圹ç«ã€æ å ±ãšãªãã§ããããæåŸã«ããããã®åºæºãç解ããããšã§ãèªäŒæ¥ã®ç«¶äºåãå€æãããã³ãããŒãã³ã°ã«åœ¹ç«ãŠãããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸãã
3.1 ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®æ矩
ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®æ矩ã¯åŒ·åã§ãããæ¥çå šäœãè©äŸ¡ããäžã€ã®åºæºãšãªããŸããããã¯ãã©ã®äŒæ¥ãæ¥çããªãŒãããŠããããã®äŒæ¥ãã©ã®ãããªæŠç¥ãçšããŠæåãåããŠããã®ããç解ããããã®éèŠãªããŒã«ãšãªããŸãããŸããã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¯ãã®æ¥çã®ãã¬ã³ããæ¹åæ§ã瀺ããããããåžå Žã®å¢ããèªã¿è§£ãããšãã§ããŸãã
ããã§æ³šæãã¹ãã¯ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¯ãããŸã§äžã€ã®èŠç¹ã§ãããå šãŠãèªããã®ã§ã¯ãªããšããããšã§ããããäŒæ¥ãã©ã³ãã³ã°äžäœã§ãªããŠãããã®äŒæ¥ããã£ãŒããã¯ãããžãŒããŠããŒã¯ãªããžãã¹ã¢ãã«ãæããŠããããç¹å®ã®ããŒã±ããã§å€§ããªã·ã§ã¢ãå ããŠããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
3.2 è©äŸ¡åºæºã®èšå®
IoTäŒæ¥ã®ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã決å®ããããã«ã¯ãå šäœçãªæ¥çžŸãç¹èš±æ°ãåžå Žã·ã§ã¢ãæè¡çãªåªäœæ§çãæ§ã ãªåºæºãèæ ®ãããŸãããããŠããããã®åºæºã¯ãäŒæ¥ã®ããžãã¹ã®æ¹åæ§ãçµç¹ã®äœå¶ãæè¡éçºã®é²æ床ãåžå Žãžã®åœ±é¿åãªã©ãäŒæ¥ã®ããªã¥ãŒã枬ãå©ããšãªããŸãã
ãããã®åºæºã¯ãããå³å¯ãªåæãè¡ãããã«å®æ§çãªãã®ãšå®éçãªãã®ã®äž¡æ¹ã䜿çšãããŸããå®éçãªè©äŸ¡åºæºã¯äŒæ¥ã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãæ°å€åããäŒæ¥éã®æ¯èŒãå¯èœã«ããŸããäžæ¹ãå®æ§çãªè©äŸ¡åºæºã¯äŒæ¥ã®ããžã§ã³ããªãŒããŒã·ãããæŠç¥ãªã©ãè©äŸ¡ãããªãŒã¬ããŒãŒã·ã§ãã«ã«ã«ãã£ãŒãæç¶å¯èœæ§ãªã©ãç解ããããšãå¯èœã«ããŸãã
3.3 åå¥äŒæ¥ã®åæãšæ¯èŒ
åå¥äŒæ¥ã®åæãšæ¯èŒã«ãããåäŒæ¥ã®åŒ·ã¿ãšåŒ±ã¿ãããã³çºå±ã®å¯èœæ§ã窺ããŸããåäŒæ¥ã®ããžãã¹ã¢ãã«ãæŠç¥ããªãŒããŒã·ããã補åéçºåã詳现ã«åæããããããã®äŒæ¥ãæã€
æè¡ã補åããµãŒãã¹ã«ã€ããŠæ·±ãæ¢ããäŒæ¥éã§ã®ç«¶äºåªäœæ§ãè©äŸ¡ããŸãããã®è©³çŽ°ãªåæã«ãããæè³å®¶ãçµå¶è ãåŸæ¥å¡ã顧客ãªã©ããã®äŒæ¥ãåŸäºããåžå Žã§ã®äœçœ®ä»ããããæ£ç¢ºã«ç解ããããšãã§ããŸãã
3.4 åéå¥ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®çŽ¹ä»
ãŸããIoTã¯åºç¯ãªåéã«åã³ãŸãã®ã§ãåéå¥ã®ã©ã³ãã³ã°ãéèŠã§ããäŸãã°ãã¹ããŒãããŒã ãç£æ¥çšIoTããã«ã¹ã±ã¢IoTãªã©ãããããã®åéã§ç¹åããIoTäŒæ¥ãååšããŸãã
ãããã®äŒæ¥ãã©ã®ããã«ãã®åéã§æŽ»èºããã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ãèµ·ãããŠããã®ããç¥ãããšã§ãååéã«ãããææ°ã®ãã¬ã³ããé²å±ãææã«ææ¡ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
æ¢æ±ã®ç¯å²ãåºããååéã§ãã©ã®äŒæ¥ããã®åéãçœåŒããŠããã®ãææ¡ããããšã¯ãæ¹åæ§ãå®ããäžã§éèŠãªææšãšãªãã§ãããã
4. æ¬ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®çºè¡š
ããã§ã¯ãåŸ ã¡ã«åŸ ã£ãIoTäŒæ¥ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®çºè¡šãè¡ããŸããããæ¬ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¯ãäŒæ¥ã®å£²äžãéçºåããªãŒããŒã·ãããåã³é©æ°æ§ãªã©ã®èŠ³ç¹ããè©äŸ¡ããŠããŸããããã§ã¯æ©éèŠãŠãããŸãããã
ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¯10äœãã1äœãŸã§é çªã«çºè¡šããŸããã芧ã«ãªãããé ç®ã«å¿ããŠããèªç±ã«é ç®ãéžãã§ã芧ãã ããã
çµæã«é¢ãã詳现ãªæ å ±ãããŒã¿ã«å ããŠãåäŒæ¥ã®åŒ·ã¿ãããžã§ã³ã«ã€ããŠã解説ããŠãããŸãã
4.1 IoTäŒæ¥ã©ã³ãã³ã°10äœãã6äœ
ããã§ã¯ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã®10äœãã6äœãŸã§ãçºè¡šããŸãã10äœããé ã«ãã¢ã«ãã¹ã¢ã«ãã€ã³ã ACCESSããŠããã¿ã¹AIã³ãŒãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã京ã»ã©ãã¢ãºãã«ãšãªããŸãã
ã¢ãºãã«ã¯ãã«ç®¡çã·ã¹ãã ã§åŒ·ã¿ãæã¡ã京ã»ã©ã¯ããã€ã¹è£œé ãªã©ã§ååšæã瀺ããŠããŸãã
ãããã¯äžéšã®é åã§éåžžã«åŒ·ã¿ãæã€äŒæ¥ã§ãIoTã®å¯èœæ§ãåºããããã®éèŠãªãã¬ã€ã€ãŒãšèšããã§ãããã
4.2 IoTäŒæ¥ã©ã³ãã³ã°5äœãã2äœ
ç¶ããŠãã©ã³ãã³ã°5äœãã2äœãŸã§ã®äŒæ¥ãçºè¡šããŸãã5äœããé ã«ããã³ãœãŒãã³ã³ããã¯ã暪河é»æ©ãæ±èãšãªããŸãã
ãããã®äŒæ¥ã¯ãè»èŒã·ã¹ãã ããç£æ¥æ©åšã家åºã®æ¥åžžç掻ã«ãŸã§åã¶IoTæè¡ã®éçºã»è²©å£²ã«ãããŠéåžžã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿åãæã£ãäŒæ¥çŸ€ã§ãã
åäŒæ¥ã¯ããã®åéã§éåžžã«åŒ·ããªãŒããŒã·ãããçºæ®ããIoTã®æè¡é²åãšãã®åžå Žã®æ¡å€§ã«å€§ãã«è²¢ç®ããŠããŸãã
4.3 IoTäŒæ¥ã©ã³ãã³ã°1äœ
ããŠãããã§ã¯åŸ ã¡ã«åŸ ã£ãã©ã³ãã³ã°1äœã®äŒæ¥ãçºè¡šããããŸããæ ããã第ïŒäœã¯æ¥ç«è£œäœæãšãªããŸããïŒ
æ¥ç«è£œäœæã¯æ°ã ã®IoTããã€ã¹ãšãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãæäŸããå šäžççã«é«ãè©äŸ¡ãåŸãŠããŸãã
æå 端æè¡ãšããžã§ã³ã®ãããªãŒããŒã·ããããããŠåŒ·åºãªäºæ¥åºç€ã¯ã圌ãããããã«ç«ã€ã«ãµããããã§ãã
4.4 åäŒæ¥ã®åŒ·ã¿ãšããžã§ã³ã®æ¯èŒ
ã©ã³ãã³ã°ãçºè¡šãããããšã§ãã©ã®äŒæ¥ãå é ã«ç«ã£ãŠãããæããã«ãªããŸããããããããã®äŒæ¥ããã®å°äœãåŸãããã«ã©ããªæŠç¥ãåã£ãã®ãããããŠä»åŸã©ããªæªæ¥ãèŠæ®ããŠããã®ããæ¯èŒããŠã¿ãŸãããã
åäŒæ¥ã¯ãã®åŒ·ã¿ãšããžã§ã³ãæã£ãŠäºæ¥ãé²ããŠããããããã¯IoTç£æ¥å šäœã®æªæ¥ã象城ããŠããŸãã
詳现ãªæ¯èŒè¡šãåäŒæ¥ã®æšªäžŠã³ã§èŠãããšã§ãããããã®äŒæ¥ãã©ã®ãããªç¹è²ãæã£ãŠããŠãã©ã®ãããªæŠç¥ãç«ãŠãŠå ãèŠæ®ããŠããã®ããç解ã§ããŸãã
5. IoTäŒæ¥ã®åãæ¹ãšãã£ãªã¢
5.1 IoTäŒæ¥ã§åãæ矩ãšé å
IoTäŒæ¥ã§åãããšã¯ãæ å ±ç€ŸäŒã®æåç·ã§æŽ»èºãã瀟äŒã®çºå±ã«çŽæ¥è²¢ç®ã§ãããšãã倧ããªæ矩ããããŸããIoTã¯ã¢ãã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããæ¥ç¶ã«ãããããã¹ããŒããªç掻ãå¹ççãªããžãã¹ãå®çŸããåºç€æè¡ã§ããåŸæ¥èããããŠããªãã£ãå©äŸ¿æ§ãå¹çã®è¿œæ±ããããªãããŒã¿ã®å©æŽ»çšãšãã£ãå¯èœæ§ãè¿œæ±ããããšãã§ããŸãã
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