1. COBOLã®åºæ¬æŠå¿µ
ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ããã°ã©ãã³ã°çã«ãããæ°ã ã®èšèªã®äžã§ãåç³ã®ãããªååšãšãèšããã»ã©å€ãããååšãããããæªã ã«éèŠãªäœçœ®ãå ãç¶ããã®ãCOBOLã§ããã§ã¯ãå ·äœçã«COBOLãšã¯äœãªã®ã§ãããïŒ
1.1 COBOLãšã¯äœãïŒ
COBOLã¯ã”Common Business-Oriented Language”ã®ç¥ç§°ã§ããã®åã®éãããžãã¹åéã«ç¹åããŠèšèšãããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ãã1959幎ã«ç±³åœé²çã®äžã§éçºããããã®èªã¿ããããšããžãã¹åéãžã®é©å¿æ§ããæ¥éã«æ®åããŸããã
COBOLã®ç¹åŸŽãšããŠã¯ããã®èªå·±èšè¿°æ§ãæããããŸããèªå·±èšè¿°æ§ãšã¯ãããã°ã©ã ããã®åäœãèªèº«ã®ã³ãŒãå ã§è©³è¿°ããç¹æ§ã®ããšãæããŸããããã«ãããCOBOLã¯ä»ã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªãããç解ãããããèªã¿ãããããã°ã©ã ãäœæããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
1.2 COBOLã®ç¹æ§åã³çšé
COBOLã¯å ã ã倧èŠæš¡ãªããŒã¿åŠçãè¡ãããžãã¹ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçºã«äœ¿çšãããããšãç®çã«èšèšãããŸããããã®ãããçŸåšã§ãéè¡ãä¿éºäŒç€Ÿãªã©ã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãåãæ±ãæ¥çã§åºã䜿ãããŠããŸãã
ãŸããCOBOLãçãŸããæ代ã¯ããŸã ããã°ã©ãã³ã°æè¡ãçºå±éäžã§ãããéæè¡è ã§ãç解å¯èœãªçšåºŠã«ã·ã³ãã«ã§ããã€ããžãã¹ã®åçš®èŠæ±ãæºããããšã®åºæ¥ãèšèªãšããŠã®èšèšãæ±ããããŠããŸããããã®ãããCOBOLã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãéæè¡è ã§ãç解ããããããã«èšèšãããŠããŸãã
ããã«COBOLã¯ããããåŠçã«åŒ·ããšããç¹æ§ãæã£ãŠããŸãããããåŠçãšã¯ã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãäžåºŠã«åŠçããããã®ææ³ã§ãäžèŠå°å³ãªãããããžãã¹åŠçã§ã¯å¿ é ã®æ©èœã§ããéè¡ã§ã¯æ¯æ¥å€§éã®ååŒããŒã¿ãåŠçããå¿ èŠãããããã®ãããªå Žåã«COBOLã®åãçºæ®ãããã®ã§ãã
ãããã®ç¹æ§ãããCOBOLã¯çŸåšã§ãå€ãã®äŒæ¥ã·ã¹ãã ã§äœ¿çšããç¶ããŠããŸãããããŠããããã®ã·ã¹ãã ã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠç€ŸäŒã®éèŠãªæ©èœãæ ãç¶ããŠããŸããæªã ã«éè¡ã®ã³ã¢ã·ã¹ãã ãªã©å€æ°ã®ããžãã¹ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãCOBOLã§éçºãããŠããç¶æ³ã¯ããã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãæ ã£ãŠããæŽå²ãšéèŠæ§ãç©èªã£ãŠããŸãã
2. COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšã¯ïŒ
COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã§äœ¿ãããCOBOLã®åºç€ãæäŸããæŽã«å¹ççã§æè»ãªéçºãå¯èœã«ããããŒã«ã®ããšãæããŸããCOBOLïŒCommon Business-Oriented LanguageïŒã¯ãæ¥ååŠçãäž»ãšããããžãã¹ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçºã«ç¹åããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ãããã®èšèªã«ç¹åãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã䜿çšããã°ãéçºè ã¯ããã°ã©ã ã®åºæ¬çãªéšåã«äžããæéãè²»ããããå ·äœçãªæ¥ååŠçãããžãã¯ã®éçºã«å°å¿µã§ããŸãã
2.1 ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®åœ¹å²
ããã§ã¯å ·äœçã«ããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãæãã圹å²ã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ãŸãããããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯äžèŠãã©ã€ãã©ãªãšäŒŒãŠããããã«èŠãããããããŸãããããã®åœ¹å²ã¯ç°ãªããŸãããã¡ããããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãã©ã€ãã©ãªãšåæ§ã«ãããã°ã©ã ã®åå©çšæ§ãåäžããããšããç¹ã§ã¯åãã§ããããããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®æ¹ãäžè¬çã«ã¯é«åºŠãªçµ±å¶ãšæ§é ãæäŸããŸããããã¯ã”å¶åŸ¡ã®é転”ãšããèšèšååã«èµ·å ããŠããŸãã
å¶åŸ¡ã®é転ãšã¯ãããã°ã©ã ã®å¶åŸ¡ãããŒããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã«ãã£ãŠå¶åŸ¡ãããéçºè ãäœæããã³ãŒãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ããåŒã³åºããããšããååã§ãããããã£ãŠããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã䜿ããšãã³ãŒãã®èšèšãéçºããã¹ãã£ã³ã°ãªã©ã®ããã»ã¹ãå¹çåãããŸãã
2.2 COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®ç¹æ§
COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®æ倧ã®ç¹æ§ã¯ããã®ãæ¥ååŠççµç¹åèœåãã«ãããŸããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãããŒã¿åŠçã«ãŒãã³ããšã©ãŒãã³ããªã³ã°ãªã©ã®äžè¬çãªæ¥ååŠçãäºãçµç¹åããããããçµã¿åãããããšã§æ°ããªæ¥ååŠçãè¿ éã«éçºã§ããŸãã
ãŸããCOBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãäžå ·åã®è§£æ¶ãæ°æ©èœã®è¿œå ãªã©ã容æã«è¡ããç¹æ§ãæã£ãŠããŸããããã¯ãCOBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãã¢ãžã¥ã©ãŒãªæ§é ãäž»ãšããŠããããã§ãåã ã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯ç¬ç«ããŠåäœãããããä»ã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãžã®åœ±é¿ãæå°éã«æããªããæŽæ°ãå¯èœã§ãã
æŽã«ãCOBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®å©ç¹ãšããŠã¯ãé·ãæŽå²ãšåºã䜿çšç¯å²ããããããŸããå®éãå€ãã®å€§èŠæš¡ãªã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãŸã COBOLã䜿çšããŠããã皌åããŠããã·ã¹ãã ã®ã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ã¯åŒãç¶ãéèŠã§ããåŸã£ãŠãCOBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã䜿çšããããšã§ãæ¢åã·ã¹ãã ã®æ¹ä¿®ãã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ãå¹çããããã€ã¬ã¹ãã³ã·ãã«è¡ãããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸãã
3. COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®çš®é¡
ããŸããŸãªæ¡ä»¶ãç®çã«å¿ããŠéžã¹ããè€æ°ã®COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ããã®è±å¯ãªçš®é¡ãšç¹æ§ããããã§è©³ããèŠãŠãããŸãããã
3.1 äž»èŠãªCOBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®è©³çŽ°åã³æ¯èŒ
COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ããã®ç¹æ§ãåèœæ§ããæ§ã ãªçšéã§å©çšãããŠããŸããäžã§ãäž»èŠãªãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ä»¥äžã®3ã€ãšãªããŸããããããã®è©³çŽ°ãšæ¯èŒãèŠãŠãããŸãããã
ã»Micro Focus COBOL ã»IBM COBOL ã»GT Softwareâs COBOL
Micro Focus COBOL: ããã¯ãæã人æ°ã®ããCOBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®äžã€ã§ããããã®åŒ·åãªããŒã«ã»ãããšè±å¯ãªæ©èœãé åãšãªã£ãŠããŸãããŸãã䜿ãããããšå ±ã«ããžãã¹èŠä»¶ã®é«åºŠãªå¯Ÿå¿ãå¯èœã«ãããããããŸããŸãªæ¥åé åã«ãããå¹ åºãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã«å¯Ÿå¿å¯èœã§ãã
ãããã察å¿ç¯å²ã®åºããšåŒ·åãªæ©èœæ§ãæ ãåå¿è ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯åŠã³å§ããéã®ããŒãã«ãé«ãã§ãããšããç¹ããã¡ãªãããšããŠæããããŸãã
IBM COBOL: ããã¯ãç¹ã«å€§èŠæš¡ãªããžãã¹ã·ã¹ãã ãé«åºŠãªèšç®èŠä»¶ãæã€æ¥åã«é©ããŠããŸãããã®è±å¯ãªã©ã€ãã©ãªãšåŒ·åãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°æ©èœãç¹åŸŽã§ãããžãã¹èŠä»¶ã®é«åºŠåã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããŸãã
ããããIBM COBOLã®å°å ¥åã³ç¶æã«ã¯äžå®ã®è²»çšãå¿ èŠãªãããè²»çšå¯Ÿå¹æãèæ ®ããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
GT Softwareâs COBOL: ãã¡ãã¯ãç¹ã«æ°ããéçºè åãã«åªããæè²ãªãœãŒã¹ãæäŸããç¹ã§è©äŸ¡ãããŠããŸããããã«ãäœæããããã°ã©ã ã®é©å¿åã®é«ããããéçºè ãæ°ããæ§æ³ãå®çŸããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
ããããäžéšã®é«åºŠãªããžãã¹èŠä»¶ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããã«ã¯ãè¿œå ã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãå°å ¥ãããªã©ã®å¯Ÿçãå¿ èŠãªå ŽåããããŸãã
ããã3ã€ã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãããããç¹æ§ãçšéãç°ãªããŸãããã£ãŠãèªåã®èŠä»¶ã«æãé©ãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãéžã¶ããšãéèŠãšãªããŸãããã®éã«ã¯ãåãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®è©³çŽ°ãšæ¯èŒãç解ããŠãé©åãªéžæãè¡ããŸãããã
4. COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯å°å ¥ã®ã¡ãªãããã¡ãªãã
COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯æ°å€ãã®çµç¹ãããžãã¹ããã»ã¹ã®æé©åãéçºå¹çã®åäžãç®æãéã«æ³šç®ã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšããŠããŸããããããä»»æã®ã·ã¹ãã ããã¯ãããžãŒã®å°å ¥ã«ã¯ãã¡ãªãããšãã¡ãªãããåžžã«ååšããŸãããã®ãããå šãŠã®åŽé¢ããã¡ããšç解ããããã«åºã¥ããæ確ãªå€æãè¡ãããšãéèŠã§ãã
4.1 å°å ¥ã®ã¡ãªãã
COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãå°å ¥ããã¡ãªããã¯ããã€ãååšããŸãããŸãäžã€ç®ã¯ãéçºå¹çã®åäžã§ãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãæäŸããäžé£ã®èŠç¯ãããŒã«ã«ãããéçºè ã¯äºåã«å®çŸ©ãããã«ãŒã«ã«åŸã£ãŠã³ãŒããèšè¿°ããã ãã§ãçæéã§è€éãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãæ§ç¯ããããšãã§ããŸãã
äºã€ç®ã®ã¡ãªãããšããŠã¯ãå質ã®åäžãæããããŸãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã«ã¯æè¯ã®ãã©ã¯ãã£ã¹ãçµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããããã®çµæããšã©ãŒé²æ¢ãšå®å®æ§ã®åäžã«å¯äžããŸãããŸãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ããã°ã©ã ãäºæ³å€ã®åäœãããã®ãé²ããåžå Žãžã®åå ¥æéãççž®ããŸãã
4.2 å°å ¥ã®ãã¡ãªãã
ããã§ã¯ç¶ããŠãCOBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®å°å ¥ã«ãããæ°ãã€ããã¹ããã¡ãªããã泚æç¹ã説æããŸããäžã€ç®ã¯ããã»ã©äžè¬çã§ã¯ãããŸããããæ¢åã®ã·ã¹ãã ãšã®äºææ§ã«åé¡ãçããå ŽåããããŸããæ¢åã®ã·ã¹ãã ãšãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãé©åã«çµã¿åãããããšãé£ããã倧èŠæš¡ãªæ§é çå€æŽãå¿ èŠãšãªãããšããããŸãã
ãŸãäºã€ç®ã¯ããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®åŠç¿ã³ã¹ãã§ããå¹ççã«ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã䜿çšããã«ã¯ããããç解ãã掻çšããã¹ãã«ãšç¥èãå¿ èŠãšãªããŸããããã¯æéãšã³ã¹ãã䌎ãå Žåããããåæã®æè³ãšããŠèæ ®ããã¹ãã§ã¯ãããŸãããé·æçã«ã¯ãã®å©çããã®ã³ã¹ããäžåãããšãå€ãã§ãã
5. COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®å°å ¥æé
COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®å©çšãéå§ããéã«ã¯ãããã€ãã®éèŠãªæé ãèžãå¿ èŠããããŸãããããã®æé ã¯ããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®å°å ¥ããå¹æçãªå©çšãŸã§ãã¹ã ãŒãºã«è¡ãããã®ãã®ã§ããããã§ã¯ãå ·äœçãªæé ã«ã€ããŠèŠãŠãããŸãããã
5.1 綿å¯ãªèšç»ãšèŠä»¶å®çŸ©
ãŸãåãã«ãäŒæ¥ã®æ å ±ã·ã¹ãã ãããžãã¹ããã»ã¹ã®å šäœåãç解ããäžã§ãCOBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®å°å ¥ãèšç»ããå¿ èŠããããŸãããããžã§ã¯ãã®ç®æšãéæãã¹ãå ·äœçãªèŠä»¶ãå®ããããšã§ãäœãããšã«ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãéžå®ããã¹ããããŸããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãã©ã®ããã«æŽ»çšãã¹ããã®æ¹åæ§ãæ確ã«ãªããŸãã
5.2 COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®éžå®
次ã«ãèšå®ããèŠä»¶ã«åºã¥ãCOBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãéžå®ããŸããCOBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã«ã¯æ§ã ãªçš®é¡ãååšãããã®äžã«ã¯ç°ãªãç®çãèŠä»¶ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããã®ç¹ç°ãªæ©èœãæã€ãã®ããããŸãããã®ãããèªç€Ÿã®ã·ã¹ãã ã«æãåã£ããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãéžæããããšãéèŠã§ãã
5.3 å°å ¥ãšãã¹ã
éžå®ãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®å°å ¥ãè¡ãããã®åŸã¯å®éã®éçšãå§ããåã«ãã¹ããè¡ãããšãéèŠã§ãããã¹ãã«ãã£ãŠããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãèšç»éãã«åäœããã確èªãããšãšãã«ãäžãäžåé¡ããã£ãå Žåã«ã¯ãããæ©æã«çºèŠããŠä¿®æ£ããããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸãããã¹ãã¯åé·ãšæããããããšããããããããŸããããåŸã®éçšã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãåãŒãå¯èœæ§ããããããé©åãªæ¹æ³ã§äžå¯§ã«è¡ãããšãæ±ããããŸãã
6. COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®æŽ»çšæ¹æ³
åã ã®éçºãããžã§ã¯ãã«ãã£ãŠãæ³å®ãããã¿ã¹ã¯ãèŠä»¶ã¯æ§ã ã§ããããããCOBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã掻çšããéçºãããŒã«ã¯å ±éããèŠçŽ ãååšããŸããããã§ã¯ããã®ãããŒã®äžè¬çãªã¹ããããšãå®éã®éçºäŸãéããŠãã©ã®ããã«COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã䜿ããããã解説ããŸãã
6.1 ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãçšããéçºã®åºæ¬ãããŒ
ãŸãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãçšããéçºã®åºæ¬ãããŒãç解ããããšãéèŠã§ããåãã«ãããžãã¹èŠä»¶ã®å®çŸ©ãè¡ããŸãã次ã«ããããã®èŠä»¶ãå ã«èšèšãšéçºãè¡ããããã®åŸãã¹ããç¹°ãè¿ããåé¡ããªããã°æ¬çªç°å¢ã«ãããã€ããåäœç¢ºèªãè¡ããŸãããã¡ããããããã®ã¹ãããã¯ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã«ããããŸããããžã§ã¯ãã«ããéãããããŸãããã³ã¢ãšãªããããŒã¯ãã®ããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
6.2 å®éã®éçºäŸãšãã®è§£èª¬
ããã§ã¯ãããéè¡ã®ATMã·ã¹ãã ãéçºãããšããæ³å®ã®ããšãCOBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã掻çšããéçºããã»ã¹ã®å ·äœçãªäŸãæããŠã¿ãŸãã
Step 1: ããžãã¹èŠä»¶ã®å®çŸ©ãŒãŒãŒPCãšã³ãã§ã®ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹èšèšãATMæäœã«é¢ããèŠä»¶ïŒé ãå ¥ããåŒãåºããæ®é«ç §äŒãªã©ïŒãæ確åããŸãã
Step 2: ããŒã¿æ§é ã®èšèšãŒãŒãŒCOBOLã®DATA DIVISIONã掻çšããå¿ èŠãªããŒã¿é ç®ïŒé¡§å®¢åãå£åº§çªå·ãé éé¡ãªã©ïŒãèšèšããŸãã
Step 3: ããã°ã©ã ã®éçºãŒãŒãŒ COBOLãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®æ©èœã掻çšããèŠä»¶ã«åãããããã°ã©ã ãäœæããŸãã
Step 4: ãã¹ãã®å®æœãŒãŒãŒ èªååããŒã«ã掻çšããäžé£ã®ATMæäœã«å¯Ÿãããã¹ããå®æœããŸãã
Step 5: æ¬çªç°å¢ãžã®ãããã€ãŒãŒãŒåé¡ããªããã°æ¬çªç°å¢ãžãããã€ããåäœç¢ºèªãè¡ããŸãã
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