1. åºç« : ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ãšãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«ãšã¯?
ãœãããŠã§ã¢éçºã®äžçã§ã¯ãã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ãšãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«ãšããäºã€ã®äž»èŠãªéçºææ³ãååšããŸãã
ãããã®ææ³ã¯ããœãããŠã§ã¢ãçã¿åºãããåäžããæçµçã«ãªãªãŒã¹ãããæ¹æ³ã倧ãã決å®ã¥ããŸãããããããããã®ææ³ã¯äœãæå³ããã©ã®ããã«éãã®ã§ããããïŒãããã®åºæ¬çãªç解ããå§ããŸãããã
1.1 ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºæ³ã®åºæ¬çãªç解
ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºæ³ã¯ããã¬ãã·ãã«ã§å埩çãªã¢ãããŒããéèŠããéçºææ³ã§ãã
ãã®ææ³ã¯ãéçºã®æ©ã段éã§ã®ãã£ãŒãããã¯ãšå€æŽãæè¿ããããã«ããé²è¡äžã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã«å¯Ÿããæ¹åãä¿é²ããŸããã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ã¯ãæ©æãããæå³ããèšèã§ãããã¯ãã®éçºææ³ãã©ã®ããã«ããŠãããžã§ã¯ããåé²ãããããããè¡šããŠããŸãã
çãå埩æéïŒã¹ããªã³ããšãåŒã°ããïŒã®çµããã«ãããŒã ã¯é²è¡ç¶æ³ãè©äŸ¡ããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠæ¹éã調æŽããŸããããã«ããããããžã§ã¯ãã¯åžžã«æé©ãªçµè·¯ãä¿ã€ããšãã§ããŸãã
1.2 ãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«éçºæ³ã®åºæ¬çãªç解
äžæ¹ããŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«éçºæ³ã¯ãããäŒçµ±çã§æ§é åãããã¢ãããŒããåããŸãã
ãã®ææ³ã¯äžé£ã®æ®µéãããªããå段éã次ã®æ®µéãžãšé 次é²è¡ããŸãã
ããã¯ãæ»ïŒWaterfallïŒãäžããäžãžãšæµãèœã¡ãæ§åã«äŸããããŸããéçºã¯èŠä»¶å®çŸ©ããå§ãŸããèšèšãå®è£ ããã¹ããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããŠã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ãžãšé²è¡ããŸããå段éãå®äºãããšæ¬¡ã®æ®µéãå§ãŸããŸãããã®ææ³ã¯æ確ãªæ§é ãšäºæž¬å¯èœæ§ãæäŸããŸãããäžåºŠé²è¡ãã段éã«æ»ãããšã¯å°é£ã§ãå€æŽãåãå ¥ããã®ã¯å®¹æã§ã¯ãããŸããã
2. ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºæ³ãšãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«éçºæ³ã®äž»ãªéã
ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºæ³ãšãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«éçºæ³ã¯ãéçºãããžã§ã¯ãã®é²è¡æ¹æ³ãããŒã æ§æãšåœ¹å²ããªã¹ã¯ç®¡çãšå€æŽã®å®¹èªã«ãããŠå€§ããªéããæã£ãŠããŸãã
ããããã®ææ³ãã©ã®ããã«ãããã®èŠçŽ ãåãæ±ãããç解ããããšã¯ãã©ã¡ããç¹å®ã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã«æé©ããå€æããäžã§éèŠã§ãã
2.1 ãããžã§ã¯ãã®é²è¡æ¹æ³
ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºæ³ã¯å埩çã§å¢åçãªé²è¡æ¹æ³ãæ¡çšããŸãã
å°ããªæ©èœãèŠçŽ ãäžåºŠã«éçºããé »ç¹ã«ã¬ãã¥ãŒãšæ¹åãè¡ããŸããããã«å¯ŸãããŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«éçºæ³ã§ã¯å šäœã®ãããžã§ã¯ãèšç»ã«åºã¥ããåãã§ãŒãºãäžåºŠã«å®äºããããã®çµæã次ã®ãã§ãŒãºãžæã¡è¶ããŸãããŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«ã§ã¯åãã§ãŒãºãé çªã«é²è¡ããåã®ãã§ãŒãºã«æ»ãããšã¯å°ãªãã§ãã
2.2 ããŒã æ§æãšåœ¹å²
ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºæ³ã§ã¯ãããŒã å šäœãã³ã©ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ããææ決å®ã«é¢äžããŸãã
圹å²ã¯ãã¬ãã·ãã«ã§ãããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒã¯è€æ°ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ãæã€ããšããããŸããäžæ¹ããŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«éçºæ³ã§ã¯ãåã¹ããŒãžãå°éçãªã¹ãã«ã»ãããèŠæ±ãããããããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒã¯åºå®ããã圹å²ãæã€ããšãäžè¬çã§ãããã®éãã¯ãããŒã ã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšååã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŸãã
2.3 ãªã¹ã¯ç®¡çãšå€æŽå®¹èª
ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºæ³ã¯ãå€æŽãšäžç¢ºå®æ§ã容èªããããã掻çšããŠãããžã§ã¯ãã調æŽããã³æ¹åããŸãã
æ©ã段éã§åé¡ãçºèŠãããå Žåãããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
ãããããŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«éçºæ³ã§ã¯ãå€æŽã¯å€§ããªãªã¹ã¯ã䌎ããèšç»ã®å€æŽã¯äžè¬çã«ã¯å°é£ã§ãããããã®éãã¯ãã©ã®ææ³ãããªãã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã«æé©ãã決å®ããéèŠãªèŠçŽ ãšãªããŸãã
3. ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«åéçº: ç¹åŸŽãšå©ç¹
ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«åéçºã¯ãã®æè»æ§ãšåå¿æ§ã§æ³šç®ã济ã³ãŠããŸãã
ç¹ã«ãå埩ãšå¢åã®ã¢ãããŒãããã£ãŒãããã¯ãšæ¹åã®ãµã€ã¯ã«ãããŸããŸãªãŠãŒã¹ã±ãŒã¹ãžã®é©çšæ§ã泚ç®ãããŠããŸãã
3.1 å埩ãšå¢åã®ã¢ãããŒã
ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºã§ã¯ãå埩ãšå¢åã®ã¢ãããŒããéèŠãããŸãã
ããã¯ããããžã§ã¯ãå šäœãäžåºŠã«å®äºãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããå°ããªéšåããšã«éçºãé²ãããšããæå³ã§ããããã«ãããéçºããŒã ã¯éäžã§ã®èª¿æŽãå€æŽã«å¯Ÿå¿ãããããªããŸãã
ããã«ãæ°ããæ©èœãå€æŽç¹ãé »ç¹ã«ãªãªãŒã¹ããããšã§ããŠãŒã¶ãŒãã¹ããŒã¯ãã«ããŒããã®ãã£ãŒãããã¯ãæ©æã«åãå ¥ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
3.2 ãã£ãŒãããã¯ãšæ¹å
ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºã¯ããã£ãŒãããã¯ãšæ¹åã®ãµã€ã¯ã«ã«åºã¥ããŠããŸãã
ããã¯ãéçºäžã®è£œåãé »ç¹ã«è©äŸ¡ãããã®ãã£ãŒãããã¯ã«åºã¥ããŠæ¹åãç¶ãããšããææ³ã§ããããã«ãããéçºã¯åžžã«ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®èŠæ±ãåžå Žã®å€åã«é©å¿ããããšãå¯èœã§ãããã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯ã補åã®å質åäžãšé¡§å®¢æºè¶³åºŠã®åäžã«å¯äžããŸãã
3.3 ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ã®ãŠãŒã¹ã±ãŒã¹
ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºæ³ã¯ãç¹å®ã®ãŠãŒã¹ã±ãŒã¹ã«å¯ŸããŠç¹ã«æå¹ã§ãã
ããšãã°ãèŠä»¶ãé »ç¹ã«å€æŽããããããžã§ã¯ããã¯ã€ãã¯ãªãªãŒã¹ãæ±ãããããããžã§ã¯ããã¹ããŒã¯ãã«ããŒã®å®æçãªãã£ãŒãããã¯ãå¿ èŠãªãããžã§ã¯ããªã©ã§ãã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºæ³ã¯åªããçµæããããããŸãã
4. ãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«åéçº: ç¹åŸŽãšå©ç¹
ãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«åéçºã¯ããã®é åºç«ãŠãããæ§é ãšäºæž¬å¯èœæ§ã§ç¥ãããŠããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ããã®æ®µéçãªéçºãããŒãäºå®éãã®å®è¡ãããã³ç¹å®ã®ãŠãŒã¹ã±ãŒã¹ã§ã®å©ç¹ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãã
4.1 段éçãªéçºãããŒ
ãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«åéçºã¯ãäžé£ã®é åºç«ãŠããããã§ãŒãºããæ§æãããŠããŸãã
ãããã®ãã§ãŒãºã¯ãéåžžãèŠä»¶å®çŸ©ãèšèšãå®è£ ããã¹ãããããã€ã¡ã³ããä¿å®ãšãã£ãé åºã§é²è¡ããŸããåãã§ãŒãºãçµäºãããã®ææç©ãæ¿èªããããšæ¬¡ã®ãã§ãŒãºã«é²ã¿ãŸããããã«ãããåãã§ãŒãºãæ確ã«åå²ããããããžã§ã¯ãã®å šäœåã容æã«ç解ã§ããããã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
4.2 äºå®éãã®å®è¡
ãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«åéçºã®ããäžã€ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ãäºå®éãã®å®è¡ã§ãã
ãããžã§ã¯ãã®æåã®ãã§ãŒãºã§ããã¹ãŠã®èŠä»¶ãšã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ã詳现ã«å®çŸ©ããããã®åŸã®éçºãã§ãŒãºã§ã¯ãã®èšç»ã«åŸã£ãŠäœæ¥ãé²è¡ããŸããããã«ããããããžã§ã¯ãã®ã¹ã±ãžã¥ãŒã«ãäºç®ã®ç®¡çã容æã«ãªããæåŸ ãããææç©ãæ確ãªæéãŸã§ã«æäŸããããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸãã
4.3 ãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«ã®ãŠãŒã¹ã±ãŒã¹
ãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«åéçºã¯ãèŠä»¶ãæ確ã§å€æŽã®å¯èœæ§ãå°ãªããããžã§ã¯ãããæ³èŠå¶ã«ããéçºããã»ã¹ãå³æ Œã«å®ããããŠãããããžã§ã¯ãã«ç¹ã«é©ããŠããŸãã
ãŸãã倧èŠæš¡ã§è€éãªã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºã«ãããçšããããŸãããã®ãããªç¶æ³ã§ã¯ããŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«åéçºã®æ§é åãããã¢ãããŒããšäºæž¬å¯èœæ§ãããããžã§ã¯ãã®æåã«éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŸãã
5. ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ãšãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«: ã©ã¡ããéžã¶ã¹ãã?
ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ãšãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«ãããããã«ã¯ç°ãªãç¹æ§ãšå©ç¹ããããŸãã
ããããã©ã¡ãã®éçºææ³ãéžæãã¹ããã¯ããããžã§ã¯ãã®èŠä»¶ãããŒã ã®ã¹ãã«ããããžã§ã¯ãã®èŠæš¡ãšè€éæ§ã«ãããŸãã
5.1 ãããžã§ã¯ãã®èŠä»¶ãšç®ç
ãããžã§ã¯ãã®èŠä»¶ãé »ç¹ã«å€æŽãããå¯èœæ§ãããå Žåããæçµçãªè£œåã®ããžã§ã³ãæ確ã§ãªãå Žåãã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºãæå¹ãªéžæè¢ãšãªãå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
äžæ¹ããããžã§ã¯ãã®ç®çãšèŠä»¶ãæåããæ確ã§ãå°ãªãå€æŽãäºæ³ãããå Žåã¯ããŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«åéçºãé©ããŠããŸãã
5.2 ããŒã ã®ã¹ãã«ãšçµéš
ããŒã ã®ã¹ãã«ãšçµéšãéçºææ³ã®éžæã«å€§ãã圱é¿ããŸãã
ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«éçºã¯ããŒã ã¡ã³ããŒãèªäž»çã«åããé »ç¹ã«ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãåãããšãå¿ èŠãšããŸããäžæ¹ããŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«åéçºã¯å段éã®å°é家ãæ確ãªåœ¹å²ãæããããšãå¿ èŠãšããŸãã
ããŒã ãåè ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã«é©ããŠããããåŸè ã®ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã«é©ããŠããããç解ããããšã¯éèŠã§ãã
5.3 ãããžã§ã¯ãã®èŠæš¡ãšè€éæ§
æåŸã«ããããžã§ã¯ãã®èŠæš¡ãšè€éæ§ãéçºææ³ã®éžæãå·Šå³ããŸããå°èŠæš¡ãªãããžã§ã¯ãããéããã«ãã£ãŒãããã¯ãå¿ èŠãªãããžã§ã¯ãã§ã¯ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ãé©ããŠããå¯èœæ§ããããŸããäžæ¹ã倧èŠæš¡ã§ãè€éãªã·ã¹ãã ãéçºãããããžã§ã¯ãã§ã¯ããŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«åéçºã®æ®µéçãªã¢ãããŒããæå©ãšãªãããšããããŸãã
6. çµè«: ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ãšãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«ã®é©åãªãã©ã³ã¹
ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ãšãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«ã®éžæã¯ãããžã§ã¯ããçµç¹ã®ç¹æ§ã«å€§ããäŸåããŸãããããããããã®éçºææ³ã¯çžäºã«æä»çãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªããé©åã«ãã©ã³ã¹ãåãããšã§ããã®é·æãæ倧éã«æŽ»ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
6.1 ãã€ããªããã¢ãããŒãã®æ¡çš
æè¿ã§ã¯ããã€ããªããã¢ãããŒãã泚ç®ãéããŠããŸããããã¯ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ãšãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«ã®äž¡æ¹ã®ç¹æ§ãçµã¿åããããã®ã§ããããžã§ã¯ãã®åæ段éã§ãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«ã®ææ³ã䜿çšãã詳现ãªèšèšãå®è£ ã®æ®µéã§ã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ã®ææ³ãå°å ¥ããŸãã
ãã®ã¢ãããŒãã¯ããããžã§ã¯ãã®èŠä»¶ãå®ãŸã£ãŠãã段éãšãå€æŽãé »ç¹ã«å¿ èŠãªæ®µéã®äž¡æ¹ã§å¹æçã§ãã
6.2 éžæã®æçµã¬ã€ãã©ã€ã³
çµè«ãšããŠãã¢ãžã£ã€ã«ãšãŠã©ãŒã¿ãŒãã©ãŒã«ã®ã©ã¡ããéžæãããã¯ããããžã§ã¯ãã®å ·äœçãªç¶æ³ãšèŠä»¶ã«ãããŸãã
ãããžã§ã¯ãã®ç®æšãéæããããã«ã¯ãã©ã¡ãã®éçºææ³ãæãå¹æçã§ããããæ éã«è©äŸ¡ããå¿ èŠããããŸããéèŠãªã®ã¯ãéçºææ³ããããžã§ã¯ãã®æåãæ¯ãã䟡å€ãæäŸããæ段ã§ãããšããèŠç¹ãæã€ããšã§ãã