1. ã¯ããã«ïŒCOBOLãšã¯
ããããïŒä»åã¯ããªãã«COBOLãšããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸããCOBOLã¯ããã®åŒ·åãªæ¥ååŠçèœåããç£æ¥çã§åºã䜿ããç¶ããŠããèšèªã§ãã
1.1 COBOLã®æŽå²ãšç¹åŸŽ
COBOLã¯ãCommon Business Oriented Languageã®é æåãåã£ãŠåä»ããããŸãããååã®éãããã®èšèªã¯ããžãã¹åãã«èšèšããã1959幎ã«åããŠç»å ŽããŸãããCOBOLã¯ãã®åœæãããŒã¿åŠçãæ åœããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãæ¥éã«æ®åãå§ããäžã§ãæ¥ååŠçã«æé©åããã圢ã§çãŸããŸããã
ããããåäžçŽä»¥äžçµã£ãçŸåšã§ããCOBOLã¯ãã®é«ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãšæ¥åé©å¿æ§ãéºæŸç¡ãçºæ®ããå€ãã®äŒæ¥ã·ã¹ãã ã§äœ¿ããç¶ããŠããŸããåã ã®ããã°ã©ã ã倧èŠæš¡ã§è€éåããäžæ¹ããããæ¯ããããŒã¿æ§é ã®åçŽããšããã®æäœã«ããã粟巧ããããCOBOLã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠæ¥çã§æŽ»èºããŠããã®ã§ãã
1.2 COBOLã®çšéãšçŸåšã®æŽ»çšç¶æ³
COBOLã¯ãäž»ã«ä»¥äžã®ãããªåéã§æŽ»çšãããŠããŸãã
1. éè¡æ¥çã§ã®äŒèšã·ã¹ãã 2. ä¿éºæ¥çã§ã®ä¿éºå¥çŽç®¡çã·ã¹ãã 3. 亀éééæ¥çã§ã®éè¡ç®¡çã·ã¹ãã 4. å°å£²æ¥çã§ã®è²©å£²ç®¡çã·ã¹ãã
ãããã®ç£æ¥ã§ã¯ãæ¥ã èšå€§ãªéã®ããŒã¿ãæ±ãå¿ èŠããããŸããCOBOLã¯ãã®ãããªå€§èŠæš¡ãªããŒã¿æäœãåŸæãšããé·å¹Žã«ãããä¿¡é Œæ§ãä¿ã£ãŠããããããããã®å¿ èŠæ§ããCOBOLã¯åºã掻çšãããŠããã®ã§ãã
ãŸããCOBOLã¯èŠæš¡ã®å€§ããªã·ã¹ãã ã«å¯Ÿããã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ãé«ããè¿ éãªåé¡è§£æ±ºãå¯èœã«ããŸãããããã®çç±ãããCOBOLã¯çŸåšãåŒãç¶ããå€ãã®äŒæ¥ã§éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŠããŸãã
2. COBOLéçºç°å¢ã®æ§ç¯
CèšèªãJavaãšãã£ãä»ã®èšèªãšåæ§ã«ãCOBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã§ãé©åãªéçºç°å¢ã®æ§ç¯ãæ¬ ãããªãèŠçŽ ãšãªããŸããããã§ã¯ããã®æ§ç¯ã®ããã«å¿ èŠãªããŒããŠã§ã¢ããœãããŠã§ã¢ããããŠCOBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ã®éžå®ãšå°å ¥æ¹åŒãéçºç°å¢ã®ã»ããã¢ããæé ãé ã«èª¬æããŸãã
2.1 å¿ èŠãªããŒããŠã§ã¢ãšãœãããŠã§ã¢
COBOLã®éçºç°å¢ãæ§ç¯ããäžã§ããŸãå¿ èŠãšãªãããŒããŠã§ã¢ã¯ç¹å¥ãªãã®ãå¿ èŠãšãããäžè¬çãªããœã³ã³ã§ååã§ããéèŠãªã®ã¯ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®åŽã§ãOSã«Windowsãå©çšããã®ããmacOSãå©çšããã®ãããŸãã¯Linuxãå©çšããã®ãã«ãã£ãŠæããã¹ããœãããŠã§ã¢ãå€ãããŸãã
2.2 COBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ã®éžå®ãšå°å ¥
次ã«ãOSã«å¯Ÿå¿ããCOBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ãéžå®ããŸããCOBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ãšã¯ãCOBOLã§æžãããããã°ã©ã ã®ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãç解ã§ããæ©æ¢°èªã«ç¿»èš³ãã圹å²ãæã€ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ãã泚ç®ãã¹ãCOBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ãšããŠã¯ãç¡æã§å©çšã§ããOpenCOBOLããäž»ã«åçšç®çã§å©çšãããMicro Focus COBOLãªã©ããããŸãã
éžå®ããCOBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ã¯å ¬åŒãµã€ããä¿¡é Œã§ãããœãŒã¹ããããŠã³ããŒãããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æé ã«åŸã£ãŠå°å ¥ããŸãã
2.3 éçºç°å¢ã®ã»ããã¢ããæé
COBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãå®äºãããã次ã«éçºç°å¢ã®ã»ããã¢ããã«ç§»ããŸããå žåçãªäžé£ã®æé ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãšããã§ãã
1. ããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ïŒCOBOLã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«äœ¿çšããŸããäŸãã°ãã·ã³ã¿ãã¯ã¹ãã€ã©ã€ãïŒè²åãïŒæ©èœãªã©ãããVisual Studio CodeãSublime Textãªã©ããå§ãã§ãã 2. ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ããŒã«ã®æºåïŒã³ã³ãã€ã«ãå®è¡ã³ãã³ããå ¥åããããã«å¿ èŠã§ããWindowsã§ã¯ã³ãã³ãããã³ãããmacOSãLinuxã§ã¯ç«¯æ«ã䜿çšããŸãã 3. COBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ã®PATHèšå®ïŒã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ããã©ã®å Žæã§ãCOBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ãç«ã¡äžããããããã«ãã·ã¹ãã ã®ç°å¢å€æ°ã«COBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ã®å Žæãè¿œå ããŸãã
3. COBOLéçºã®åºæ¬
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšããŠã®COBOLã¯ããã®ç¹æ§ãšåºæ¬åçã®ç解ãéèŠã§ããæ¬ç« ã§ã¯ãCOBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®åºæ¬æ§é ãäž»èŠãªæ§æããããŠç°¡åãªããã°ã©ã ã®äœæãšå®è¡ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãã
3.1 COBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®åºæ¬æ§é
COBOLããã°ã©ã ã¯4ã€ã®äž»èŠãªã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããæ§æãããŠããŸããããã¯IDENTIFICATION DIVISION, ENVIRONMENT DIVISION, DATA DIVISION, ãã㊠PROCEDURE DIVISION ã§ãããããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®ç解ã¯COBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®åºç€ã§ãã
IDENTIFICATION DIVISIONã¯ããã°ã©ã ã®ååãããŒãžã§ã³æ å ±ãæå®ããŸããããã«ãããã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ããããã°ã®éã«ããã°ã©ã ãç¹å®ããããšã容æã«ãªããŸãã
ENVIRONMENT DIVISIONã¯ããã°ã©ã å®è¡ã«é¢é£ããç°å¢èšå®ãæå®ããŸãã
DATA DIVISIONã¯ããã°ã©ã ã§äœ¿ãããå€æ°ãããŒã¿æ§é ãå®çŸ©ããŸãã
PROCEDURE DIVISIONã¯ããã°ã©ã ã®äžæ žéšåã§ãå ·äœçãªæç¶ããã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãèšè¿°ãããŸãã
3.2 éèŠãªCOBOLæ§æãšãã®æŽ»çš
次ã«ãCOBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã«ãããéèŠãªæ§æã«ã€ããŠç°¡åã«èª¬æããŸããããã§ã¯ãæŒç®åãå¶åŸ¡æ§é ãããŒã¿ã¿ã€ãããããŠæç¶ãã«ã€ããŠåãçµã¿ãŸãã
æŒç®åã¯ãç®è¡æŒç®ãæ¯èŒæŒç®ã«çšããŸãã
å¶åŸ¡æ§é ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ã®æµããå¶åŸ¡ããŸããIF, ELSE, WHILE, FOR çã®æ§é ãäžè¬çã§ãã
ããŒã¿ã¿ã€ãã¯å€æ°ãé¢æ°ã®åŒæ°ããªã¿ãŒã³å€ã®åãæå®ããŸããCOBOLã§ã¯æ°å€ãæååãããŒãªã¢ã³åãªã©ãæ±ããŸãã
æç¶ããé¢æ°ã¯ãç¹å®ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ãå®è¡ããããã®ã³ãŒããããã¯ãå®çŸ©ããŸãã
3.3 ç°¡åãªCOBOLããã°ã©ã ã®äœæãšå®è¡
ããã§ã¯ãèšè¿°ããCOBOLæ§æã®ç¥èã掻çšããŠãæåã®ç°¡åãªCOBOLããã°ã©ã ãäœæãããããå®è¡ããŸãããã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯âHello, World!âãšè¡šç€ºããã ãã®ç°¡åãªãã®ã§ãããåŠãã å 容ã®é©çšã«ã¯æé©ã§ãã
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. HELLO-WORLD. PROCEDURE DIVISION. DISPLAY 'Hello, World!'. STOP RUN.
ãããCOBOLã«ãããâHello, World!âããã°ã©ã ã§ãããã®ã³ãŒããã³ã³ãã€ã©ã§ã³ã³ãã€ã«ããå®è¡ãããšã’Hello, World!’ãšããæååã衚瀺ãããŸãã
ãã®ç¯ã«å«ãŸããç¥èã䜿ããšãCOBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®åºç€ãç解ããèªèº«ã§ããã°ã©ã ãäœæãå§ããããšãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãã
4. COBOLããã°ã©ã ã®ãããã°ãšãã¹ã
ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãå®äºããåŸã«ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ãæ£åžžã«åäœããããšã確èªããããã®ãããã°ãšãã¹ããã§ãŒãºãå¿ èŠãšãªããŸããããã§ã¯ãCOBOLããã°ã©ã ã®ãããã°æ¹æ³ãšãã¹ãææ³ãé çªã«è§£èª¬ããŸãã
4.1 COBOLããã°ã©ã ã®ãããã°æ¹æ³
COBOLããã°ã©ã ã®ãããã°ã¯ãåºæ¬çã«ã¯ä»ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšå€ãããªãäžé£ã®å·¥çšã§é²è¡ããŸããããã°ã©ã ã®æ¯ãèããstep by stepã§è¿œããããããšã§ãæãã¬ãšã©ãŒããã°ãèŠã€ãåºããŸãã
ãããã°ã«ã¯å°çšã®ããŒã«ã䜿ãããšãäžè¬çã§ãIDE(çµ±åéçºç°å¢)ã®å€ãã«ã¯ãããã°æ©èœãåããããŠããŸãããã¬ãŒã¯ãã€ã³ãã®èšå®ããå€æ°ã®å€ã®èŠ³å¯ããããã°ã«ã¯æ¬ ãããŸããã
ãã ããCOBOLç¹æã®ãããã°æè¡ãååšããŸããäŸãã°ããããããã¯ãã¬ãŒã¹ã³ã³ãã£ã·ã§ã³çã®ãã«ãã¹ã¬ããç°å¢ã§ã®åé¡ãææ¡ããããã®æ¹æ³ããIOåŠçã®ãšã©ãŒèª¿æ»æ¹æ³ãªã©ã¯ãCOBOLããã°ã©ããŒãšããŠçµ¶å¯Ÿã«ç解ããŠãããªããã°ãªããŸããã
4.2 COBOLããã°ã©ã ã®ãã¹ãææ³
COBOLããã°ã©ã ã®ãã¹ãããä»èšèªãšåºæ¬çã«ã¯å€ããããããã°ã©ã ãèŠä»¶ãæºãããŠãããã©ãããæ€èšŒããŸããCOBOLã®å Žåããã®ç¹æ§äžããããåŠçã®ãã¹ãã倧éšåãå ããŸãã
åäœãã¹ãã§ã¯ãäžã€äžã€ã®ããã°ã©ã ãããããæ£ããåäœãããã確èªããŸãããã®æ¬¡ã«çµåãã¹ãã§ã¯ãè€æ°ã®ããã°ã©ã ãçµã¿åãããéã®åäœãæ€èšŒããŸãã
ãšãã«æ®å¿µãªããCOBOLã§ã¯ãçŸåšäž»æµã§ãããŠããããã¹ããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯çãååšããªããããèªåãã¹ããçŸå®çã«é²ããæ¹æ³ãéãããŸãã
ããããCOBOLç¹æã®åé¡ç¹ã«å¯Ÿãããã¹ãæ段ãšããŠã¯ãIOåŠçã倧èŠæš¡ããŒã¿ã®åŠçãé·æé皌åããããããžã§ãã®ãã¹ããªã©ãæããããŸãããŸããèæœåããã·ã¹ãã åãã«äœãããCOBOLããã°ã©ã ãå€ããããæ¢åã·ã¹ãã ãšã®äºææ§ã確èªãããã¹ããéèŠãšãªããŸãã
æåŸã«ãªããŸããããã¹ãçµæããã¡ããšææžåããããŒãžã§ã³ç®¡çããããšãéèŠãªããã»ã¹ãšãªããŸãã
5. COBOLéçºã®ãã¹ããã©ã¯ãã£ã¹
COBOLéçºã«å€ããã§ããäžã§ãç解ãšå¿«é©ããæ·±ããããã®äžé£ã®æšå¥šãããæé ãååšããŸããããã§ã¯ãããããã¯COBOLéçºãè¡ãäžã§æå¹ãªã¿ã¹ã¯ãšããŒã«ãäžè¬çãªåé¡ã®è§£æ±ºæ¹æ³ãããã«ã¯å¹ççãªCOBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ãã¯ããã¯ãèŠãŠãããŸãããã
5.1 COBOLéçºã®ããã®æçšãªããŒã«
COBOLéçºã«ãããæåã®ã¹ãããã¯ãé©åãªããŒã«é¡ã®éžå®ãšç解ã§ãããããã¯ãã¯ãŒã¯ãããŒãã¹ã ãŒãºã«ãããããžã§ã¯ãã®æåã«å¯Ÿããé害ãæå°åããŸããäžéšã®åºæ¬çãªããŒã«ãšããŠã¯ããœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããšãã£ã¿ããã«ãããŒã«ãããŒãžã§ã³ç®¡çã·ã¹ãã ããããŸãã
äŸãã°ããœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããšãã£ã¿ã®äžã«ã¯COBOLã®æ§æã匷調衚瀺ããããèªåãã©ãŒããããæäŸããããããã®ããããŸãããããã£ããšãã£ã¿ã¯ãã³ãŒãã®å¯èªæ§ãåäžãããã³ãŒãäœæãè¿ éã«è¡ããŸãã
ããã«ããã«ãããŒã«ãå©çšããã°ãæéã®ãããã³ã³ãã€ã«ããªã³ã¯ãšãã£ãäœæ¥ãèªååããæéãå€§å¹ ã«ç¯çŽããããšãå¯èœã§ããããŒãžã§ã³ç®¡çã·ã¹ãã ã¯ããœãŒã¹ã³ãŒãã®å€æŽå±¥æŽã远跡ãããã°ã®åå 究æãããŒã ã§ã®éçºäœæ¥ãæ¯æŽããŸãã
5.2 COBOLéçºã®ãã©ãã«ã·ã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°
éçºäžã«ééãããšã©ãŒãåé¡ç¹ã®è§£æ±ºããŸããCOBOLéçºè ã®æ¥åžžã®äžéšã§ãããã°ã®ç¹å®ãšä¿®æ£ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã®æé©åããããŠãããã°äœæ¥ãããããã¹ãŠããã©ãã«ã·ã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®äžéšãšèšããã§ãããã
ã³ãŒãå ã®ãšã©ãŒãçºèŠããããã«ããããã¬ããŒã«ã䜿çšããŸããããããããŒã«ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ãã¹ããããã€ã¹ãããã§å®è¡ããéäžã§ã®å€æ°ã®å€ãç£èŠããããšãã§ããŸããããã«ãã£ãŠãšã©ãŒãã©ãã§çºçããŠããããæ£ç¢ºã«ææ¡ãããã®ä¿®æ£äœæ¥ãå©ããŸãã
5.3 å¹ççãªCOBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãã¯ããã¯
å¹ççãªCOBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®ããã®ãã¯ããã¯ã¯å€ã ãããŸããããã®äžã§ãããã€ãç¹ã«éèŠãªãã®ãæããŠã¿ãŸãããã
ãŸãäžã€ç®ã¯ãæ確ãªå€æ°åã䜿çšãããšããããšã§ããããã¯ãããªãèªèº«ããŸãã¯ä»ã®éçºè ãåŸã«ã³ãŒããç解ããããããããã§ãã
ãŸãããŠããããã¹ããéèŠãªãã¯ããã¯ã®äžã€ã§ããããã¯ãåã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãé¢æ°ãäºæãããåäœãè¡ãããšã確èªããããã®ãã¹ãã§ããæ©æã«åé¡ãçºèŠããä¿®æ£ããããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸãã
æåŸã«ãåžžã«ã³ãŒãããªãã¡ã¯ã¿ãªã³ã°ããããšããå¹ççãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°æè¡ãšããŠæããããŸãããªãã¡ã¯ã¿ãªã³ã°ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ã®æ©èœãå€ããããšãªããã³ãŒãã®æ§é ãå質ãæ¹åããããã»ã¹ã§ãã
6. COBOLéçºã®å°æ¥ãšãã£ãªã¢
ããã§ã¯COBOLã®éçºè ãšããŠã®ãã£ãªã¢ãã¹ãšãCOBOLéçºãäžæ©å ãè¡ãè¿æªæ¥æè¡ã«ã€ããŠè©³ããèŠãŠãããŸãããã
6.1 COBOLéçºè ãšããŠã®ãã£ãªã¢ãã¹
COBOLéçºè ãšããŠã®ãã£ãªã¢ãã¹ã¯å€å²ã«ããããŸãããœãããŠã§ã¢éçºè ãšããŠã®çµæŽãã¹ã¿ãŒããããå ŽåãCOBOLã¯å€§èŠæš¡ãªããžãã¹ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãéçºããããã®åŒ·åãªããŒã«ãšãªããŸãã
åæã®ãã£ãªã¢ã§ã¯ãéçºè ã¯äžè¬çã«å°ãäžèŠæš¡ã®ãããžã§ã¯ããæ åœããŸããCOBOLã®åºæ¬ãä¿®åŸããããšã¯ã䞻任éçºè ããããžã§ã¯ããããŒãžã£ãŒãšããŠã¹ãããã¢ãããããã£ã³ã¹ãåºãããŸããããã«çµéšãç©ããšãITã³ã³ãµã«ã¿ã³ããã¢ãŒããã¯ããäžçŽãããžã§ã¯ããããŒãžã£ãŒãšãã£ã圹è·ãžã®éãéããŸãã
COBOLã®å°éç¥èã¯ãä¿éºãéèã補é æ¥ãªã©ãããŸããŸãªæ¥çã§æŽ»èºããæ©äŒãæäŸããŸããCOBOLéçºè ã¯ãåªããåé¡è§£æ±ºã¹ãã«ãšçµã¿èŸŒã¿ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãç解ããæ¹åããèœåãæã€ããã極ããŠäŸ¡å€ã®ããè³æºãšãããŠããŸãã
6.2 COBOLéçºäžæ©å ãè¡ãè¿æªæ¥æè¡
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