1. Pythonç°å¢æ§ç¯ã®éèŠæ§
è¿å¹Žãããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšããŠã®Pythonã®äººæ°ã¯æ¥éã«é«ãŸã£ãŠããŸãããã®çç±ãšããŠãPythonãæã€å€æ§ãªç¹æ§ãå©ç¹ãæããããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãPythonã®åºæ¬çãªç¹åŸŽãšããªãç°å¢æ§ç¯ãéèŠãªã®ãã解説ããŸãã
1.1. Pythonãšã¯
Pythonã¯ã1991幎ã«ã°ã€ãã»ãŽã¡ã³ãããµã ã«ãã£ãŠéçºãããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ãããã®ç¹åŸŽãšããŠãã·ã³ãã«ã§èªã¿ãããææ³ãæããããŸãããã®ãããåå¿è ã§ãåŠã³ãããããŸãå®éã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãå¹ççã«è¡ããŸããããã«ãPythonã¯ãªãŒãã³ãœãŒã¹ã§ãããç¡æã§å©çšããããšãã§ããŸããWebéçºããããŒã¿åæãAIéçºãŸã§ãå¹ åºãçšéã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã
1.2. ç°å¢æ§ç¯ãå¿ èŠãªçç±
Pythonãå©çšããããã«ã¯ããŸãé©åãªç°å¢ãæŽããå¿ èŠããããŸãããã®ç°å¢æ§ç¯ãšã¯ãPythonã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãé¢é£ããŒã«ã®ã»ããã¢ãããæããŸããç°å¢æ§ç¯ãæ£ããè¡ãããšã§ãPythonã®ããã°ã©ã ãã¹ã ãŒãºã«å®è¡ã§ããããã«ãªããŸãããŸããç°å¢æ§ç¯ãé©åã«è¡ãããšã§ãåŸã ã®ãã©ãã«ãé²ãããšãã§ããŸããäŸãã°ãã©ã€ãã©ãªã®äŸåé¢ä¿ã®åé¡ããããŒãžã§ã³ã®äžæŽåãªã©ã®åé¡ãåé¿ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ç°å¢æ§ç¯ã¯ãPythonã®åºæ¬çãªã¹ãã«ã®äžéšãšãèšããŸããåããŠPythonãåŠã¶æ¹ã«ãšã£ãŠããã®ã¹ãããããã£ãããšç解ããå®è·µããããšã¯éåžžã«éèŠã§ãã
2. Pythonã®ããŠã³ããŒã
Pythonã䜿çšããããã®æåã®ã¹ãããã¯ãé©åãªããŒãžã§ã³ã®PythonãããŠã³ããŒãããããšã§ãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãPythonã®å ¬åŒãµã€ãããã®ããŠã³ããŒãæ¹æ³ãšãã©ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãéžæãã¹ããã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãã
2.1. å ¬åŒãµã€ãã®å©çšæ¹æ³
Pythonã®å ¬åŒãµã€ãã¯ãPythonã®ææ°ããŒãžã§ã³ãé¢é£ããã¥ã¡ã³ãããã¥ãŒã¹ãªã©ã®æ å ±ãéçŽãããŠããŸããããŠã³ããŒãããŒãžã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããšãããŸããŸãªãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã çšã®Pythonã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ãæäŸãããŠããŸããWindowsãMacãLinuxãªã©ã䜿çšããŠããç°å¢ã«åãããŠé©åãªã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ãéžæããŠããŠã³ããŒãããŸãã
å ¬åŒãµã€ãã¯éåžžã«ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãã¬ã³ããªãŒã§ãåå¿è ã§ãè¿·ãããšãªãããŠã³ããŒããå®äºããããšãã§ããŸãããŸããå ¬åŒãµã€ãããã®ããŠã³ããŒãã¯ãã»ãã¥ãªãã£é¢ã§ãå®å šã§ãããããä»ã®ãµã€ããããæšå¥šãããŸãã
2.2. ããŒãžã§ã³ã®éžã³æ¹
Pythonã«ã¯è€æ°ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãååšããŸãããæãäžè¬çã«äœ¿çšãããŠããã®ã¯Python 2ãšPython 3ã®2ã€ã®ã¡ãžã£ãŒããŒãžã§ã³ã§ããããããPython 2ã¯2020幎ã«ãµããŒããçµäºãããããçŸåšã¯Python 3ã®äœ¿çšãæšå¥šãããŠããŸãã
Python 3ã«ãããŸããŸãªãã€ããŒããŒãžã§ã³ããããŸããéåžžãææ°ã®ãã€ããŒããŒãžã§ã³ã¯æãæ°ããæ©èœãæ¹åãæœãããŠããŸãããç¹å®ã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãããŒã«ãèŠæ±ããããŒãžã§ã³ãããå ŽåããããŸãããã®ãããå ·äœçãªéçºç®çãå¿ èŠãªã©ã€ãã©ãªã«å¿ããŠãé©åãªããŒãžã§ã³ãéžæããããšãéèŠã§ãã
3. Pythonã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«
Pythonã®ããŠã³ããŒããå®äºãããã次ã®ã¹ãããã¯ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã§ãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãPythonã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ã®å®è¡æ¹æ³ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã®æå³ããããŠæ³šæç¹ã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
3.1. ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ã®å®è¡æ¹æ³
ããŠã³ããŒãããPythonã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ã¯ãéåžžã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãšåæ§ã«å®è¡ããããšã§ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãéå§ã§ããŸããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ãããã«ã¯ãªãã¯ãããšãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã®ã¬ã€ãã³ã¹ã衚瀺ãããŸãããã®ã¬ã€ãã³ã¹ã«åŸãã次ãžãã¿ã³ãã¯ãªãã¯ããŠé²ããŠãããŸãã
3.2. ãAdd Python to PATHãã®æå³
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æã«ãAdd Python to PATHããšãããªãã·ã§ã³ã衚瀺ãããŸãããã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ãéžæãããšãPythonãã·ã¹ãã ã®ç°å¢å€æ°ã«è¿œå ãããã³ãã³ãããã³ãããã¿ãŒããã«ããçŽæ¥Pythonãå®è¡ã§ããããã«ãªããŸããããã«ãããpythonãšããã³ãã³ããå ¥åããã ãã§Pythonã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãèµ·åã§ããããã«ãªããŸãããã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ã¯éåžžã«äŸ¿å©ãªãããç¹ã«çç±ããªãéãéžæããããšãããããããŸãã
3.3. ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æã®æ³šæç¹
Pythonã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã¯åºæ¬çã«ã¯ç°¡åã§ãããããã€ãã®æ³šæç¹ããããŸãããŸããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«å ã®ãã£ã¬ã¯ããªã¯ãåŸããå€æŽããããšãé£ãããããæåããé©åãªå ŽæãéžæããããšãéèŠã§ãããŸããè€æ°ã®PythonããŒãžã§ã³ãåæã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããå ŽåãããŒãžã§ã³éã®ç«¶åãé¿ããããã«ãããããç°ãªããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããšãããããããŸãã
4. ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã®ç¢ºèª
Pythonã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãå®äºããããå®éã«Pythonãæ£ããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠãããã確èªããããšãéèŠã§ãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã®ç¢ºèªæ¹æ³ãé¢é£ããããŒã«ã®éããPythonã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ã®èµ·åæ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
4.1. ã³ãã³ãããã³ãããšã¿ãŒããã«ã®éã
ã³ãã³ãããã³ãããšã¿ãŒããã«ã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æäœãããã¹ãããŒã¹ã§è¡ãããã®ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã§ããã³ãã³ãããã³ããã¯Windowsãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã§äœ¿çšãããããŒã«ã§ãããã¿ãŒããã«ã¯MacãLinuxã§äœ¿çšãããããŒã«ã§ãããããã®ããŒã«ã䜿çšããããšã§ãããŠã¹ã䜿çšããã«ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®æäœãè¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã
ãããã®éããç解ããããšã¯ãPythonã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ç¢ºèªããã®åŸã®æäœã«ãããŠéåžžã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸããç¹ã«ãPythonã®ã³ãã³ããå®è¡ããéã«ã¯ããããã®ããŒã«ãé »ç¹ã«äœ¿çšããããšã«ãªããŸãã
4.2. Pythonã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ã®èµ·åæ¹æ³
Pythonã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãæ£ããå®äºãããã確èªããããã«ã¯ãPythonã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãèµ·åããå¿ èŠããããŸããã³ãã³ãããã³ãããã¿ãŒããã«ãéããpythonãšå ¥åããŠãšã³ã¿ãŒããŒãæŒãããšã§ãPythonã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãèµ·åããããšãã§ããŸããã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãæ£åžžã«èµ·åãããšãPythonã®ããŒãžã§ã³æ å ±ãããã³ããã衚瀺ãããŸããããã«ãããPythonãæ£ããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããããšã確èªã§ããŸãã
確èªãçµãã£ãããexit()ãšå ¥åããŠã€ã³ã¿ãŒããªã¿ãçµäºããŸããããã«ãããã³ãã³ãããã³ãããã¿ãŒããã«ã«æ»ãããšãã§ããŸãã
5. éçºããŒã«ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«
Pythonã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãå®äºãããã次ã«èæ ®ãã¹ãã¯éçºããŒã«ã®éžæãšã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã§ããéçºããŒã«ã¯ãPythonã®ã³ãŒããæžãããã¹ãããããããã°ããéã«éåžžã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãäž»èŠãªPythonéçºããŒã«ã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
5.1. PyCharmãšã¯
PyCharmã¯ãPythonå°çšã®çµ±åéçºç°å¢ïŒIDEïŒã®äžã€ã§ããJetBrains瀟ã«ãã£ãŠéçºãããŠãããã³ãŒãã®èªåè£å®ããããã°ããã¹ããããŒãžã§ã³ç®¡çãªã©ã®å€ãã®æ©èœãæã£ãŠããŸããPyCharmã¯ãPythonéçºè ã«ãšã£ãŠéåžžã«åŒ·åãªããŒã«ãšããŠç¥ãããŠããŸããç¹ã«ã倧èŠæš¡ãªãããžã§ã¯ããããŒã ã§ã®éçºã«ãããŠããã®æ©èœã®è±å¯ããè©äŸ¡ãããŠããŸãã
5.2. Visual Studio Codeã®ç¹åŸŽ
Visual Studio CodeïŒVS CodeïŒã¯ãMicrosoft瀟ãéçºããããªãŒã®ã³ãŒããšãã£ã¿ã§ããPythonã ãã§ãªããå€ãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªããµããŒãããŠããŸããVS Codeã¯ã軜éã§ãããªããå€æ©èœã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽã§ããæ¡åŒµæ©èœãè¿œå ããããšã§ãPythonã®éçºç°å¢ãç°¡åã«æ§ç¯ããããšãã§ããŸãããŸããGitãšã®é£æºãéåžžã«ã¹ã ãŒãºã§ãããããŒãžã§ã³ç®¡çã容æã«è¡ããŸãã
5.3. ãã®ä»ã®äŸ¿å©ãªããŒã«
Pythonã®éçºã«ã¯ãPyCharmãVS Code以å€ã«ãå€ãã®ããŒã«ãååšããŸããäŸãã°ãJupyter Notebookã¯ãããŒã¿åæãæ©æ¢°åŠç¿ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ã«ç¹åããã€ã³ã¿ã©ã¯ãã£ããªããŒã«ãšããŠäººæ°ããããŸãããŸããAtomãSublime Textãªã©ã®ããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ããPythonã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã«é©ããŠããŸããããŒã«ã®éžæã¯ãå人ã®å¥œã¿ãéçºã®ç®çã«å¿ããŠè¡ãããšãæé©ã§ãã
6. Pythonã§ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°éå§
Pythonã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãéçºããŒã«ã®ã»ããã¢ãããå®äºããããããããããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãéå§ããŸãããããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãæåã®ããã°ã©ã ã®äœææ¹æ³ãã©ã€ãã©ãªã®å©çšæ¹æ³ããããŠãããžã§ã¯ãã®ç®¡çæ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
6.1. æåã®ããã°ã©ã
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®äžçã§ã¯ãæ°ããèšèªãç°å¢ãåŠã¶éã«æåã«è¡ãã®ããHello, World!ãããã°ã©ã ã®äœæã§ããPythonã§ã¯ããã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯éåžžã«ã·ã³ãã«ã§ããéçºããŒã«ãéããæ°ãããã¡ã€ã«ãäœæããŠä»¥äžã®ã³ãŒããå ¥åããŸãã
print("Hello, World!")
ãã®ã³ãŒããä¿åããŠå®è¡ãããšãç»é¢ã«ãHello, World!ããšè¡šç€ºãããŸããããã§ãPythonã§ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãæ£ããéå§ã§ããããšã確èªã§ããŸãã
6.2. ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®å©çšæ¹æ³
Pythonã¯ãè±å¯ãªã©ã€ãã©ãªãæã£ãŠããããããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãå©çšããããšã§æ§ã ãªã¿ã¹ã¯ãç°¡åã«å®è¡ã§ããŸããã©ã€ãã©ãªãå©çšããã«ã¯ãimportæã䜿çšããŸããäŸãã°ãæ°åŠé¢æ°ã䜿çšããããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã§ããmathãå©çšããå Žåã以äžã®ããã«ã³ãŒããèšè¿°ããŸãã
import math
print(math.sqrt(16)) # 16ã®å¹³æ¹æ ¹ãèšç®ããŠè¡šç€º
ãã®ããã«ãã©ã€ãã©ãªãã€ã³ããŒãããããšã§ããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãæäŸããé¢æ°ãã¯ã©ã¹ãèªç±ã«äœ¿çšããããšãã§ããŸãã
6.3. ãããžã§ã¯ãã®ç®¡ç
Pythonã§ã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã倧ãããªããšããã¡ã€ã«ããã£ã¬ã¯ããªã®ç®¡çãéèŠã«ãªããŸããPythonã§ã¯ãvirtualenvãpipenvãšãã£ãããŒã«ã䜿çšããŠããããžã§ã¯ãããšã®ç°å¢ãåé¢ã»ç®¡çããããšãæšå¥šãããŠããŸããããã«ãããç°ãªããããžã§ã¯ãã§ç°ãªãã©ã€ãã©ãªã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã䜿çšããå Žåã§ãã競åãäžå ·åãé²ãããšãã§ããŸãã
ãŸããgitã䜿çšããŠããŒãžã§ã³ç®¡çãè¡ãããšã§ãã³ãŒãã®å€æŽå±¥æŽã远跡ããããããŒã ã§ã®å ±åäœæ¥ãå¹ççã«è¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã
7. ãŸãšã
ãã®èšäºãéããŠãPythonã®ç°å¢æ§ç¯ããéçºããŒã«ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããŠå®éã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°éå§ãŸã§ã®æé ãåŠã³ãŸãããæåŸã«ããããŸã§ã®å 容ãç°¡æœã«ãŸãšããä»åŸã®åŠç¿æ¹æ³ãPythonã³ãã¥ããã£ãšã®é£æºã«ã€ããŠè§ŠããŠãããŸãã
7.1. ç°å¢æ§ç¯ã®ãã€ã³ã
Pythonã®ç°å¢æ§ç¯ã¯ãåå¿è ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯å°ãé£ããæãããããããŸããããæ£ç¢ºãªæé ãèžãããšã§ã¹ã ãŒãºã«é²ããããšãã§ããŸããç¹ã«ãããŒãžã§ã³ã®éžæããã¹ã®èšå®ã¯ãåŸã ã®ãã©ãã«ãé¿ããããã«éèŠã§ãããŸããéçºããŒã«ã®éžæããå¿«é©ãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã©ã€ãã®ããã®éµãšãªããŸãã
7.2. ä»åŸã®åŠç¿æ¹æ³
Pythonã®åºæ¬ãæŽãã ãã次ã¯å®éã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãéããŠã¹ãã«ã磚ããŠããããšã倧åã§ãããªã³ã©ã€ã³äžã«ã¯å€ãã®ãã¥ãŒããªã¢ã«ãããã¥ã¡ã³ãããããããããåèã«ããªããå®è·µçãªåŠç¿ãé²ããããšãããããã§ãããŸããå®éã®ãããžã§ã¯ããæãããããšã§ãæ·±ãç解ãåŸãããšãã§ããŸãã
7.3. Pythonã³ãã¥ããã£ãšã®é£æº
Pythonã¯ãäžçäžã«åºãã倧ããªã³ãã¥ããã£ãæã£ãŠããŸãããã®ã³ãã¥ããã£ã¯ãåå¿è ãããããã§ãã·ã§ãã«ãŸã§å€ãã®ã¡ã³ããŒã§æ§æãããŠããã質åãæ å ±äº€æã®å ŽãšããŠéåžžã«æçã§ããç¹ã«ãå ¬åŒãã©ãŒã©ã ãStack Overflowãªã©ã®ãµã€ãã¯ãçåãå°ã£ãããšããããšãã®å©ããšãªãã§ãããããŸããå°åã«ãã£ãŠã¯Pythonã®å匷äŒãã€ãã³ããéå¬ãããŠããã®ã§ãåå ããŠã¿ãã®ãè¯ãã§ãããã