1. C++ãšã¯ïŒ
C++ã¯ãå€ãã®ããã°ã©ããŒãéçºè ã«ãšã£ãŠéŠŽæã¿æ·±ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®äžã€ã§ãããããããã®èšèªã®èåŸã«ã¯èå³æ·±ãæŽå²ãç¹æ§ããããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãC++ã®èµ·æºããã®ç¹æ§ããããŠå®éã®çšéã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
1.1. C++ã®æŽå²ãšèæ¯
C++ã¯ã1979幎ã«Bjarne Stroustrupã«ãã£ãŠéçºãããŸãããããšããšã¯ãC with ClassesããšããŠç¥ãããŠãããã®èšèªã¯ãCèšèªã®äžã«ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®æŠå¿µãè¿œå ããããšãç®çãšããŠããŸããã1983幎ã«æ£åŒã«C++ãšããŠçºè¡šããããã以éãå€ãã®æ¹è¯ãæ¡åŒµãè¡ãããŠããŸããã
1.2. C++ã®ç¹æ§ãšå©ç¹
C++ã¯ãå€æ§æ§ãšæè»æ§ãæã€èšèªãšããŠç¥ãããŠããŸããæç¶ãåããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããããŠé¢æ°åã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ããµããŒãããŠããŸãããã®å€æ§æ§ã«ãããéçºè ã¯æ§ã ãªã¿ã€ãã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãã·ã¹ãã ãå¹ççã«éçºããããšãã§ããŸãããŸããC++ã¯é«ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãæã€ããšã§ç¥ãããã²ãŒã ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã·ã¹ãã ãªã©ã®èŠæ±ã®å³ããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã䜿çšãããŠããŸãã
1.3. C++ã®çšéãšå®çšäŸ
C++ã¯ããã®é«ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãšæè»æ§ãããããŸããŸãªåéã§ã®éçºã«å©çšãããŠããŸããäŸãã°ãã²ãŒã éçºããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãçµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ãªã©ãå€å²ã«ãããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãC++ã§æžãããŠããŸããç¹ã«ããªãœãŒã¹ãéãããç°å¢ããé«ãèšç®èœåãæ±ããããå Žé¢ã§ã®å©çšãå€ãã§ãã
2. C++ã®åºæ¬æ§é
C++ã¯ããã®åŒ·åãªæ©èœãšæè»æ§ããå€ãã®éçºè ã«éžã°ããŠããŸãããããããã®èåŸã«ã¯ç¬ç¹ã®åºæ¬æ§é ããããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãC++ã®ææ³ãå€æ°ãããŒã¿åããããŠåºæ¬çãªæŒç®åã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
2.1. ææ³ã®åºç€
C++ã®ææ³ã¯ãCèšèªãããŒã¹ã«ããŠãããå€ãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšå ±éã®ç¹åŸŽãæã£ãŠããŸããäŸãã°ãã»ãã³ãã³ã䜿çšããŠåœä»€æãçµäºããããäžæ¬åŒ§ã䜿çšããŠã³ãŒããããã¯ãå®çŸ©ãããªã©ã®ç¹åŸŽããããŸãããŸããC++ã¯å€§æåãšå°æåãåºå¥ãããããå€æ°åãé¢æ°åã«æ³šæãå¿ èŠã§ãã
2.2. å€æ°ãããŒã¿åããªãã©ã«
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C++ã«ã¯ãæ§ã
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3. C++ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®åºæ¬
C++ãåŠã¶äžã§ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®åºæ¬çãªæŠå¿µãç解ããããšã¯éåžžã«éèŠã§ãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãC++ã«ãããå¶åŸ¡æ§é ãé¢æ°ãšæç¶ãããããŠã¯ã©ã¹ãšãªããžã§ã¯ãã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
3.1. å¶åŸ¡æ§é ïŒæ¡ä»¶åå²ãšã«ãŒã
ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãç¹å®ã®æ¡ä»¶ã«åºã¥ããŠç°ãªãåäœãããããšããããããŸãããã®ãããªåäœãå¶åŸ¡ããããã®æ§é ãå¶åŸ¡æ§é ãšåŒã³ãŸããC++ã«ã¯ãif
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3.2. é¢æ°ãšæç¶ã
ããã°ã©ã ã®äžã§ç¹°ãè¿ã䜿çšãããåŠçããç¹å®ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ãå®è¡ããããã®ã³ãŒããããã¯ãé¢æ°ãšããŠå®çŸ©ããããšãã§ããŸããé¢æ°ã¯ãå ¥åãšããŠåŒæ°ãåãåããåŠçã®çµæãšããŠå€ãè¿ãããšãã§ããŸããC++ã§ã¯ãé¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©ãåŒã³åºããè¡ãããã®æ§ã ãªæ©èœãæäŸãããŠãããå¹ççãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°ããµããŒãããŠããŸãã
3.3. ã¯ã©ã¹ãšãªããžã§ã¯ã
C++ã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ããµããŒãããèšèªã§ãããããŒã¿ãšãã®ããŒã¿ã«é¢é£ããæäœãäžã€ã®åäœãšããŠãŸãšããããšãã§ããŸãããã®ãããªåäœãã¯ã©ã¹ãšåŒã³ãŸããã¯ã©ã¹ãå ã«äœæãããå®äœããªããžã§ã¯ããšåŒã³ãŸããã¯ã©ã¹ãšãªããžã§ã¯ãã䜿çšããããšã§ãã³ãŒãã®åå©çšæ§ãé«ããããšãã§ãã倧èŠæš¡ãªããã°ã©ã ã®éçºãå¹ççã«è¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã
4. C++ã®å®çšäŸ
C++ã¯ããã®é«ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãšæè»æ§ããå€å²ã«ãããåéã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãC++ãã©ã®ããã«å®éã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã§å©çšãããŠããã®ããå ·äœçãªå®çšäŸãéããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãã
4.1. ã²ãŒã éçºã®äŸ
C++ã¯ãã²ãŒã éçºã®åéã§åºãå©çšãããŠããŸãããã®çç±ãšããŠãC++ãæäŸããé«ãèšç®é床ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã åŠçèœåãæããããŸããå€ãã®ããªãã«Aã¿ã€ãã«ã®ã²ãŒã ã¯C++ã§æžãããŠããããšã³ãžã³ãç©çæŒç®ãAIã®åŠçãªã©ãèŠæ±ã®å³ããéšåã§ã®äœ¿çšãç¹ã«å€ãã§ãã
4.2. ãã¹ã¯ãããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçº
å€ãã®ãã¹ã¯ãããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãC++ã§éçºãããŠããŸããç¹ã«ãé«ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãæ±ãããããœãããŠã§ã¢ãã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãæ±ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãC++ã®èœåã掻ããããŠããŸããäŸãã°ãã°ã©ãã£ãã¯ã¹ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ç®¡çããŒã«ãªã©ãC++ã§æžãããŠããããšãå€ãã§ãã
4.3. ãªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçº
C++ã¯ããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºã«ã䜿çšãããŠããŸãããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã®ããŒããŠã§ã¢ãšãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®éã«äœçœ®ããéèŠãªãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ãããé«ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãšå¹çãæ±ããããŸããC++ã®äœã¬ãã«ã®æäœèœåãã¡ã¢ãªç®¡çã®æè»æ§ãããã®ãããªèŠæ±ãæºããããã«å©çšãããŠããŸãã
5. C++ã®å¿çš
C++ã¯ãåºæ¬çãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°æŠå¿µã ãã§ãªããé«åºŠãªæ©èœãæäŸããŠããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãC++ã®å¿çšçãªæŠå¿µãç¹ã«ãã€ã³ã¿ãç¶æ¿ãããã³ãã³ãã¬ãŒãã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
5.1. ãã€ã³ã¿ãšã¡ã¢ãªç®¡ç
ãã€ã³ã¿ã¯ãã¡ã¢ãªäžã®ç¹å®ã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãæãå€æ°ã§ããC++ã§ã¯ããã€ã³ã¿ã䜿çšããŠçŽæ¥ã¡ã¢ãªã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããããšãã§ããŸããããã«ãããåçãªããŒã¿æ§é ã®äœæããå¹ççãªã¡ã¢ãªç®¡çãå¯èœãšãªããŸãããããããã€ã³ã¿ã䜿çšããéã¯æ³šæãå¿ èŠã§ãããæ£ãã管çãããŠããªããã€ã³ã¿ã¯ããã°ã©ã ã®ãã°ã®åå ãšãªãããšããããŸãã
5.2. ç¶æ¿ãšããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã
C++ã®ç¶æ¿æ©èœã䜿çšãããšãæ¢åã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã®å±æ§ãã¡ãœãããæ°ããã¯ã©ã¹ã«åŒãç¶ãããšãã§ããŸããããã«ãããã³ãŒãã®åå©çšæ§ãåäžããŸããããªã¢ãŒãã£ãºã ã¯ãç°ãªãã¯ã©ã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ããåãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ã§æ±ãããšãã§ããæŠå¿µã§ããããã«ãããæè»ã§æ¡åŒµæ§ã®é«ãã³ãŒããæžãããšãã§ããŸãã
5.3. ãã³ãã¬ãŒããšãžã§ããªã¯ã¹
C++ã®ãã³ãã¬ãŒãã¯ãåã«äŸåããªãæ±çšçãªã³ãŒããæžãããã®æ©èœã§ããäŸãã°ãç°ãªãããŒã¿åã®ãªã¹ããé åãæ±ãã¯ã©ã¹ãäžã€ã®ãã³ãã¬ãŒãã§å®çŸ©ããããšãã§ããŸããããã«ãããã³ãŒãã®åå©çšæ§ãå€§å¹ ã«åäžããŸãããžã§ããªã¯ã¹ã¯ããã³ãã¬ãŒãã®äžåœ¢æ ã§ãããç¹å®ã®åã«äŸåããªãã³ãŒããå¹ççã«çæããããšãã§ããŸãã
6. C++ã®åŠç¿ãªãœãŒã¹
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6.1. ããããã®ãŠã§ããµã€ããšãã¥ãŒããªã¢ã«
ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã«ã¯ãC++ãåŠã¶ããã®å€ãã®ãŠã§ããµã€ãããã¥ãŒããªã¢ã«ãååšããŸããåå¿è åãããäžçŽè åããŸã§ãå¹ åºãå 容ãæäŸãããŠãããèªåã®åŠç¿ããŒã¹ãç®çã«åãããŠéžã¶ããšãã§ããŸããç¹ã«ãåç»ãå®éã®ã³ãŒãã亀ããã€ã³ã¿ã©ã¯ãã£ããªãã¥ãŒããªã¢ã«ã¯ãç解ãæ·±ããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
6.2. å®è·µçãªãããžã§ã¯ãã®ã¢ã€ãã£ã¢
çè«çãªç¥èã ãã§ãªããå®éã«ããã°ã©ã ãäœæããããšã§ãããæ·±ãC++ãç解ããããšãã§ããŸããäŸãã°ãã·ã³ãã«ãªã²ãŒã ããŠãŒãã£ãªãã£ããŒã«ã®éçºãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšã®é£æºãæã€ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãªã©ãæ§ã ãªãããžã§ã¯ãã®ã¢ã€ãã£ã¢ãèããããŸããå®éã«æãåãããªããåŠã¶ããšã§ãç¥èãå®çãããããªããŸãã
6.3. ã³ãã¥ããã£ãšãµããŒã
C++ã®åŠç¿ã«ãããŠãçåãå°é£ã«çŽé¢ããéã«ãµããŒããåããããã³ãã¥ããã£ã®ååšã¯éåžžã«äŸ¡å€ããããŸãããã©ãŒã©ã ããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã°ã«ãŒãã§ã¯ãçµéšè±å¯ãªéçºè ãä»ã®åŠç¿è ããã®ã¢ããã€ã¹ããã£ãŒãããã¯ãåãåãããšãã§ããŸãããŸããå®æçã«éå¬ãããããŒãã¢ãããå匷äŒã«åå ããããšã§ãåãèå³ãæã€äººã ãšã®ãããã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã®æ©äŒãå¢ããŸãã
7. ãŸãšã
ãã®èšäºãéããŠãC++ã®åºæ¬ããå¿çšããããŠåŠç¿ãªãœãŒã¹ãŸã§ãå¹ åºããããã¯ã«ã€ããŠåŠã³ãŸãããæåŸã«ãC++ã®å šäœçãªè©äŸ¡ãä»åŸã®å±æããããŠåŠç¿ãç¶ããããšã®éèŠæ§ã«ã€ããŠèå¯ããŸãã
7.1. C++ã®åŒ·ã¿ãšåŒ±ã¿
C++ã®åŒ·ã¿ãšããŠã¯ãé«ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãã¡ã¢ãªç®¡çã®æè»æ§ããããŠå€æ©èœæ§ãæããããŸãããŸãããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ããžã§ããªãã¯ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãªã©ãå€ãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãã©ãã€ã ããµããŒãããŠããŸããäžæ¹ã匱ã¿ãšããŠã¯ãåŠç¿æ²ç·ãããæ¥ã§ããããšããã¡ã¢ãªç®¡çã®è€éããæããããŸãã
7.2. C++ã®ä»åŸã®å±æ
C++ã¯ããã®èªçããæ°å幎ãçµéããŠããªããå€ãã®ç£æ¥ããããžã§ã¯ãã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸããç¹ã«ãã²ãŒã éçºãçµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ãé«æ§èœã³ã³ãã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãªã©ã®åéã§ã®éèŠã¯é«ãŸã£ãŠããŸããä»åŸããC++ã®ã³ãã¥ããã£ã¯æŽ»çºã«æŽ»åãç¶ããæ°ããæ©èœãæ¹åãæåŸ ãããŸãã
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