1. COBOLãšã¯ïŒ
COBOLã¯ã1950幎代ã«éçºãããæ¥åçšã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãäžå¿ã«äœ¿ãããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®äžã€ã§ãããã®ç¹åŸŽçãªè±èªã«è¿ãã³ãŒãèšæ³ã«ãããåå¿è ã§ãåŠã³ãããèšèªãšãããŠããŸãã
ä»ã§ãéèæ©é¢ãªã©å€§èŠæš¡ãªæ å ±ã·ã¹ãã ã§åºã䜿ãããŠããããã®åœ¹å²ã¯æ±ºããŠå°ããªãã®ã§ã¯ãããŸããããã®èšäºã§ã¯ãCOBOLã®è³æ Œã®ååŸã«ã€ããŠã詳ãã解説ããŸãã
COBOLãç解ããããã«ã¯å°éçãªã¹ãã«ãæã€è³æ ŒãååŸããããšã§ãæè¡è ãšããŠã®äŸ¡å€ãé«ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã次ã®ç¯ã§ã¯ããã®çç±ã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
1.1 COBOLã®æŽå²ãšç¹åŸŽ
COBOLã¯ãåçšèšç®ãè¡ãããã®ããžãã¹æåã®èšèªãšããŠã1959幎ã«èšèšãããŸããããã®åŸãé²åãç¶ãã1970幎代ãã1980幎代ã«ãããŠãäž»ã«éèãä¿éºãç©æµãšãã£ãæ¥çã®å€§èŠæš¡ãªæ å ±ã·ã¹ãã ã§äœ¿ãããããã«ãªããŸããã
COBOLã¯ãã®è±èªã«è¿ãèšæ³ãæ±çšæ§ã®é«ããããããžãã¹å šè¬ã§æŽ»çšãããŸããããŸããé·æéã«ããã£ãŠå®å®ããéçšãæ±ããããæ¥åã·ã¹ãã ã«ãããŠãããã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ããããçšããããŠããŸãã
ããããæ°ããªæè¡ãå°é ããäžã§COBOLã®äœ¿ããããã«å¯Ÿããè©äŸ¡ã¯äžãã£ãŠããŠããŸããããã§ããªããCOBOLã¯å€ãã®çŸè¡ã·ã¹ãã ã§éçšããç¶ããŠããçŸå®ããããŸãã
1.2 COBOLã§å®çŸã§ããäºæ¥
COBOLã掻åãåŸãäž»ãªé åã¯ã倧èŠæš¡ãªããžãã¹ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããäŸãã°ãB2BååŒã財å管çã人äºç®¡çãªã©ãå¹çããçµ±æ¬ããããã®é·å¯¿åœãªã·ã¹ãã ãæ§ç¯ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
ããã«ãCOBOLã®ç¹åŸŽã§ããé·æéã®å®å®çšŒåã¯ããã³ãã³ã°æ¥çãä¿éºæ¥çãªã©ãå³å¯ãªããŒã¿ç®¡çãæ±ããããåéã§éå®ãããŠããŸããéèŠãªæ¥åãäœå幎ã«ãããã£ãŠå¹çè¯ãéçšããããã®æ段ãšããŠæŽ»çšãããŠããŸãã
ãããŠãCOBOLã¯äžåç£æ¥çãå»çæ¥çãªã©ãæ§ã ãªæ¥çã§äœ¿ããç¶ããŠããŸãããããã®æ¥çã§ã®éèŠã¯ä»åŸãç¶ããšäºæ³ãããŠããŸãã
1.3 COBOLãçšããæ¥åã·ã¹ãã
COBOLã¯ãæ¥åã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³éçºã«ãããä»£è¡šæ Œã®èšèªãšããŠäœçœ®ä»ããããŠããŸãã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãæ±ããèšå€§ãªåŠçãè¡ãæ¥åã·ã¹ãã ã«ãããŠã¯ããã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãšå®å®æ§ãè©äŸ¡ãããŠããŸãã
ç¹ã«COBOLã¯ãçµç¹ã®æ¥åãããŒãåæ ããè€éãªããžãã¹ã«ãŒã«ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããã®ã«é©ããŠããŸãããã®ãããçµç¹ãçŽé¢ããåºæã®åé¡ã解決ããã«ã¹ã¿ãã€ãºããããœãããŠã§ã¢ã®éçºã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
ããã«ããããã®ã·ã¹ãã ãé·æéã«ããã£ãŠå®å®çã«éçšã§ããå ç¢ãããæ¥åã·ã¹ãã ã§COBOLãéžã°ããçç±ã®äžã€ã§ãã
1.4 COBOLã®çŸå°ç¹ãšæªæ¥äºæž¬
çŸåšã§ãå€ãã®äž»èŠãªããžãã¹ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãCOBOLã§éçºãããŠããŸããäžæ¹ã§æ°ããªæè¡ãå°é ããåã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšããŠCOBOLãéžæãã人ã¯å°ãªããªã£ãŠããŸãã
ããããæ¢åã®å€§èŠæš¡ã·ã¹ãã ã®ä¿å®ããèæœåããã·ã¹ãã ã®çœ®ãæããªã©ã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã«ãããŠã¯ãCOBOLã®ã¹ãã«ã¯ä»åŸãåŒãç¶ãå¿ èŠãšãããŸããããã«ã¯éçºã ãã§ãªããæ¢åã·ã¹ãã ã®ç解ãšæ¹ä¿®ãå«ãŸããŸãã
ãããã£ãŠãCOBOLã®å°éç¥èãæã£ãæè¡è ã¯ãäŒæ¥ã«ãšã£ãŠäŸç¶ãšããŠè²ŽéãªååšãšèšããŸããCOBOLã®è³æ ŒãååŸããããšã§ãããªãã®ãã£ãªã¢ã«æ°ããªäŸ¡å€ãå ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
2. COBOLè³æ Œã®çš®é¡
COBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã¹ãã«ã蚌æããããã®äž»èŠãªè³æ Œã¯ãåçŽè©ŠéšãäžçŽè©Šéšãå®è·µè©Šéšããã¹ã¿ãŒè©Šéšã®4ã€ã«åããããŸããããããã®è³æ Œãäœã蚌æããã®ããã©ã®ããã«ååŸããã®ãã詳ãã解説ããŠãããŸãããã
ããããã®è³æ Œã¯ãCOBOLã®ç¥èã¬ãã«ãææšã«ããŠããŸãããããã£ãŠãããªããã©ã®è³æ Œãç®æãã¹ããã¯ãããªããã©ã®ã¬ãã«ã®COBOLã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èœåãæã£ãŠãããããŸãã¯ã©ã®ã¬ãã«ã®èœåãç®æããŠãããã«ãããŸãã
ç¹ã«ããããã®è³æ Œã¯å°±è·ã»è»¢è·ãæé²ãã¹ãã«èšŒæãªã©ã«æå¹ãªããŒã«ãšãªãããŸãã
2.1 COBOLåçŽè©Šéš
COBOLåçŽè©Šéšã¯ãCOBOLã®åºæ¬çãªç¥èãšå®çšçãªã¹ãã«ã蚌æããè³æ Œã§ãã
è©Šéšã«ã¯äž»ã«ãåºæ¬çãªããã°ã©ã ã®æ§é ãåœä»€æã®ç解ãç°¡åãªããã°ã©ã ã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°èœåãåãåé¡ãåºé¡ãããŸãã
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãå§ããã°ããã®æ¹ããŸãã¯åºæ¬çãªç¥èãæ£ããåŠã³ããæ¹ã«ããããã®è©Šéšã§ãã
2.2 COBOLäžçŽè©Šéš
COBOLäžçŽè©Šéšã¯ãåçŽãè¶ ããŠãããªãã¹ãã«ãšç¥èãç¿åŸããããšã蚌æããŸãã
ãã®è©Šéšã§ã¯ãããé«åºŠãªããã°ã©ã ã®èšèšããè€éãªç¶æ³ã§ã®ãããã°ã¹ãã«ãCOBOLã§ã®ããŒã¿ããŒã¹æäœãªã©ãæ±ããããŸãã
æ¥åã§COBOLãçšããã·ã¹ãã éçºãè¡ãäžã§å¿ èŠãªã¹ãã«ã蚌æãããã®ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
2.3 COBOLå®è·µè©Šéš
COBOLå®è·µè©Šéšã¯ãå®éã®æ¥åã«ãããCOBOLã®äœ¿çšçµéšã蚌æããããã®è³æ Œã§ãã
ãã®è©Šéšã§ã¯ãåçŽã»äžçŽè©Šéšã§åŠãã ç¥èãããŒã¹ã«ããªã¢ã«ã¯ãŒã«ãã®åé¡ã解決ããããã®ã¢ãããŒããšã¹ãã«ãè©äŸ¡ããŸãã
ãã®è³æ Œãæã€ãšãããªããå ·äœçãªãããžã§ã¯ãã§COBOLã掻çšããŠåé¡ã解決ã§ããããšã瀺ãããšãã§ããŸãã
2.4 COBOLãã¹ã¿ãŒè©Šéš
COBOLãã¹ã¿ãŒè©Šéšã¯ãCOBOLã«é¢ããå æ¬çã§æ·±ãç¥èãšä¿¡é Œæ§ã®ããå°éæ§ã蚌æããããã®æé«äœã®è³æ Œã§ãã
ãã®è©Šéšã¯ãéåžžã«é«åºŠãªCOBOLã®ç解ãé«åºŠãªåé¡è§£æ±ºã¹ãã«ããããžã§ã¯ãã®äŒç»ã»èšèšã»å®æœãšãã£ãçµéšãèŠæ±ããŸãã
ãã®è³æ ŒãååŸããããšã§ãCOBOLã®ãšãã¹ããŒããšããŠæ¥çããèªç¥ãããå€ãã®æ©äŒãåŸãããšãã§ããŸãã
3. COBOLè³æ ŒååŸã®ã¡ãªãã
COBOLè³æ ŒãååŸããããšã«ã¯ãæ§ã ãªã¡ãªãããååšããŸãããã®äžã§ãç¹ã«éèŠãªã®ã¯ããã£ãªã¢ã¢ãããå°±è·ã»è»¢è·åžå Žã§ã®åªäœæ§ãæ¥åå¹çåã»æèœåäžããããŠå°éæ§ãšä¿¡é Œæ§ã®åäžã§ãã以äžã«å ·äœçãªã¡ãªããã詳ãã説æããŸãã
3.1 ãã£ãªã¢ã¢ãããžã®äžæ©
COBOLè³æ Œã¯ããŸãã«ãããã§ãã·ã§ãã«ãžã®éãéãäžæ©ãšèšããŸããè³æ ŒãååŸããããšã§ãçµç¹å ã§ã®è©äŸ¡ãæ¹åãããæé²ãå ±é ¬å¢ã®å¯èœæ§ãå¢ããããšãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãã
ãŸãããã®è³æ Œã¯èªèº«ã®ã¹ãã«ã蚌æããããã®æ段ã§ãããããã«èªå·±æé·ãå®çŸããããã®ããŒã«ã§ããããŸãã
3.2 å°±è·ã»è»¢è·åžå Žã§ã®åªäœæ§
ç¬èªã®ã¹ãã«ã»ãããæã€ããšãæ±ããããå°±åŽåžå Žã§COBOLè³æ Œã¯å€§ããªäŸ¡å€ãæã¡ãŸããç¹ã«ãå€ãã®æ¢åã®ã·ã¹ãã ãCOBOLãåäœãããŠãããããCOBOLã¹ãã«ãæã€æè¡è ã¯åŒãç¶ã倧èŠæš¡ãªéèŠãããã§ãããã
ãŸãããã®è³æ Œã¯ããªãã®å±¥æŽæžã«åŒ·åãªãã©ã¹èŠçŽ ãè¿œå ããä»ã®åè£è ã«å¯Ÿããåªäœæ§ãæäŸããããšã§ãããã
COBOLè³æ Œãæã€ããšã¯ãäŒæ¥ã«ããªããé©ããåè£è ã§ããããšã蚌æããããã®æ段ã§ããããŸãã
3.3 æ¥åå¹çåã»æèœåäž
æ¥åã®å¹çåãç®æããªãã°ããã®è³æ Œã¯å¿ èŠã§ããCOBOLã®ç¥èãšçµéšãæ·±ããããšã§ãäœæ¥ã®é床ãšå質ãå€§å¹ ã«åäžå¯èœã§ãã
æŽã«ãäžæµã®ããã°ã©ããŒã«ãªãããã®é©åãªæè²ãšèšç·Žãåããããšã§ãæ°ããå¯èœæ§ãéãããšãã§ããŸãã
ãããã®ã¹ãã«ã¯ãæ¥åã ãã§ãªããèªå·±éçºã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã«ã圹ç«ã€ã§ãããã
3.4 å°éæ§ãšä¿¡é Œæ§ã®åäž
COBOLè³æ ŒååŸã¯ãå°éçç¥èãšæè¡ã®èšŒæã§ãããèªå·±ã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ã«å€§ãã«è²¢ç®ããŸãã
ãã®è³æ ŒãååŸããããšã§ãããªãèªèº«ããããŠä»äººã«å¯ŸããŠé«ãã¬ãã«ã®ãããã§ãã·ã§ããªãºã ã瀺ãããšãã§ããŸãã
çµè«ãšããŠãCOBOLè³æ Œã¯èªèº«ã®ãã£ãªã¢ã«å€§ããªã¡ãªããããããããŸãããããããªãã®æ¬¡ã®ã¹ãããã«ãªãããšãé¡ã£ãŠããŸãã
4. COBOLè³æ ŒãååŸããããã®åŠç¿æ¹æ³
COBOLè³æ Œã®ååŸã¯ãèªå·±åŠç¿ãåèæžã®æŽ»çšãè³æ Œã¹ã¯ãŒã«ãç ä¿®ãå®åçµéšãå©çšããåŠç¿ãªã©ãããŸããŸãªæ¹æ³ãååšããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãããããã®åŠç¿ææ³ã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
4.1 èªå·±åŠç¿ã®ã¢ããã€ã¹
èªå·±åŠç¿ã¯æéãè²»çšã®èŠ³ç¹ããæãæ軜ãªåŠç¿æ¹æ³ã§ãããå¹æçã«é²ããããã«ã¯èšç»æ§ãšæç¶åãå¿ èŠã§ãã
ãŸããCOBOLã®åºç€ç¥èãç解ããããã«ããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã§ç¡æã§æäŸãããŠããææãMOOCïŒå€§èŠæš¡éæŸãªã³ã©ã€ã³ã³ãŒã¹ïŒã掻çšãããšè¯ãã§ãããããŸããåãããã¯ãç解ããŠããããã«ãå®éã«æãåãããªãããµã³ãã«ã³ãŒããæžãçã®å®è·µååŠç¿ãåãå ¥ãããšç解ãæ·±ãŸããŸãã
ãã ããèªå·±åŠç¿ã®å Žåãçåãå°é£ã«çŽé¢ããæã«ããã«å©ããæ±ããããçžæãããªãå Žåãå€ããããèªã解決çãèŠã€ãåºãã¹ãã«ãå¿ èŠã§ãããã®ããã«ã¯ãæ€çŽ¢ãšã³ãžã³ã掻çšããæ å ±åéèœåãããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã³ãã¥ããã£ã«è³ªåãããªã©ã®ã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³èœåãæ±ããããŸãã
4.2 èµ€æ¬ã»åèæžã®æŽ»çš
COBOLã®è³æ ŒååŸã«åœ¹ç«ã€åèæžã¯å€æ°ååšããè©Šéšç¯å²ãæºéãªãã«ããŒããçè«ã ãã§ãªãå®è·µçãªç¥èãæäŸããŠããããã®ãéžã¶ããšã倧åã§ãã
ç¹ã«ãéå»ã«è³æ Œè©Šéšãåããããšãããèè ãæžããåèæžããè©Šéšå¯Ÿçã«ç¹åãããèµ€æ¬ãã¯ãè©Šéšã®åŸåãé ç¹ãç解ããã®ã«éåžžã«æçšã§ããè±å¯ãªåé¡éãæš¡æ¬è©Šéšãä»å±ããŠãããã®ãéžã¶ãšãç解床ã®ç¢ºèªã«ã圹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
ãã ããåèæžã¯ãããŸã§åèã®äžã€ã§ãããç解ã«çåãæãããå Žåãããã詳现ãªç¥èãæ±ããããå Žåã«ã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããããªã³ã©ã€ã³ã«ãªãã¥ã©ã ãªã©ãè£è¶³çã«æŽ»çšãããšè¯ãã§ãããã
4.3 è³æ Œã¹ã¯ãŒã«ãç ä¿®ã®æŽ»çš
è³æ Œã¹ã¯ãŒã«ãç ä¿®ã¯ãçæéã§COBOLã®è³æ ŒãååŸãããæ¹ã«ãªã¹ã¹ã¡ã§ããè³æ Œã®ãããã§ãã·ã§ãã«ã«ããè¬åº§ãåããããèªåŠç¿ã§ã¯åŸããã«ããå ·äœçãªæå°ãšãã£ãŒãããã¯ãåããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãŸããäžç·ã«åŠç¿ãã仲éããããããã¢ãããŒã·ã§ã³ç¶æã«ã圹ç«ã¡ãŸãããŸããææ°ã®è©Šéšæ å ±ãåŸãããšãã§ããå¿ èŠãªç¯å²ãå¹çããåŠã¶ããšãå¯èœã§ãã
ãã ããè³æ Œã¹ã¯ãŒã«ãç ä¿®ã¯è²»çšãããããŸãã®ã§ãäºç®ãšå¹æãæ¯èŒæ€èšããããšãéèŠã§ãã
4.4 å®åçµéšã掻ãããåŠç¿
æ¢ã«COBOLã䜿ã£ãŠã®å®åçµéšããã人ã¯ããã®çµéšã掻ãããŠåŠç¿ãé²ããããšãã§ããŸããå®éã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã§ã®çµéšã¯ãæç§æžã ãã§ã¯åŠã¹ãªãçŸå Žãªãã§ã¯ã®ç¥èãããŠããŠãæã£ãŠããŸãã
ããããå®åçµéšã ãã§ã¯ãå šäœçãªèŠéãCOBOLã®æ·±ãç解ãæ¬ ããåŸåã«ãããããè³æ ŒååŸã®çºã«ã¯ã補ççãªæ å ±ãåŸãããã®æç§æžããããæ å ±ã®èªè§£ãéå»åé¡ã®æŒç¿ãªã©ãè¡ãããšãéèŠã§ãã
ãŸããè€æ°ã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã«è§Šããå¹ åºãå®è·µç¥èã身ã«ã€ããããšã§ãè©Šéšãžã®å¯Ÿçãšåæã«ãèªèº«ã®ãšã³ãžãã¢ãªã³ã°ã¹ãã«ãåäžããããã£ã³ã¹ã§ããããŸãã
5. COBOLè³æ Œè©Šéšã®ãã€ã³ã
ããã§ã¯COBOLè³æ Œè©Šéšã®ãã€ã³ãã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸããCOBOLè³æ Œè©Šéšã¯ãã®åã®éããCOBOLãšããèšèªã®ç¥èãåãè©Šéšã§ãããçŸå Žã§æŽ»èºããITãããã§ãã·ã§ãã«ã«ãšã£ãŠéåžžã«äŸ¡å€ã®ããè³æ Œã§ãã
COBOLãäž»èŠãªèšèªã§ããã·ã¹ãã ã«æºããè ã¯ããã®è³æ ŒãååŸããããšã§ãæ¥åã®å¹ ãåºãã絊äžé¢ã§ã®ã¡ãªãããåŸãããšãæåŸ ã§ããŸãã
è©Šéšã®ãã€ã³ããšããŠããŸãåºæ¬çãªè©ŠéšæŠèŠã«ã€ããŠç解ããªããã°ãªããŸããã次ã«åºé¡ç¯å²ããããŠå®éã«åéšè ãçµéšããè©Šéšã®ç¹åŸŽãªã©ãæŒãããããšã倧åã§ãã
5.1 è©Šéšæéãšåé¡æ°ãé£æ床
ãã®è©Šéšã¯ãçŽ60åã®è©ŠéšæéãèšããããŸããåé¡æ°ã¯å€ããããå šäœã§70åã«åã³ãŸãã
é£æ床ã¯äžçšåºŠãšèšãããŠããŸãããCOBOLã®åºæ¬çãªç¥èãå®åçµéšããªããšé£ããæããããšããããŸãã
ãã®ãããååãªå匷ãšç解ããããŠå®ç¿ã«ããäœéšãå¿ èŠãšãããŸãã
5.2 åºé¡ç¯å²ãšéèŠäºé
åºé¡ç¯å²ã¯ãCOBOLã®åºç€ç¥èå šè¬ã«åã³ãŸãã
èšèªã®æ§é ãæžãæ¹ãåºæ¬çãªã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã䟿å©ãªæ©èœãšãã®äœ¿çšæ¹æ³ãªã©ãåãããŸãããŸããå®éã®ã·ã¹ãã æ§ç¯ãéçšã«é¢é£ããå 容ãåºé¡ããããããåçŽã«COBOLã®ç¥èã ãã§ãªããããã掻çšããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³éçºã®çµéšã圹ç«ã€ã§ãããã
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5.3 åéšè ã®å£°ãšå¯Ÿççµéš
å è¡è ã®æèŠãçµéšã¯ãéåžžã«éèŠã§ããå€ãã®åéšè ãææŠããŠããè©Šéšã ããããããã®çµéšãåŸãããç¥èŠã¯äŸ¡å€ããããŸãã
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5.4 ããééããåé¡ãšå¯Ÿç
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6. COBOLè³æ Œã掻ããã次ã®äžæ©ãž
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COBOLè³æ Œãæã€ããšã§ãã©ã®ãããªéãéããã®ã§ããããããããšãä»ã®ITè³æ Œãšçµã¿åãããããšã«ããããããªãå¯èœæ§ãè¿œæ±ããããšã¯å¯èœãªã®ã§ããããã
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6.1 COBOLã®å°é家ãšããŠ
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6.3 COBOL以å€ã®è³æ Œãšã®çµã¿åãã
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6.4 ããããã®ITæ¥çãšCOBOL
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