ã¯ããã«
ã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããçŸä»£ç€ŸäŒã§æãã圹å²ãéã¿ããšããã®èåŸã«ãããã¯ãããžãŒã®ç解ãå¿ èŠäžå¯æ¬ ã§ãããã®äžã§ããIPã¢ãã¬ãã·ã³ã°ã¯åºæ¬çãªãã極ããŠéèŠãªæŠå¿µã§ãããã®èšäºã§ã¯ãIPã¢ãã¬ãã·ã³ã°ãšãã®äžéšã§ãããµããããã£ã³ã°ã«ã€ããŠããã®åºæ¬ãã詳现ãŸã§ããããããã解説ããŸããããã«ãããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®åºç€ã«è§Šããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã®åããããæ·±ãç解ããããšãã§ããŸãã
IPã¢ãã¬ãã·ã³ã°ãšã¯äœã
IPã¢ãã¬ãã·ã³ã°ãšã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããããã³ã«(IP)ã䜿çšããŠããã€ã¹ã«ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãå²ãåœãŠãæ¹æ³ã§ããIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã®åããã€ã¹ãäžæã«èå¥ã§ããããã«ããããã®çªå·ã§ããããã«ããããããã¯ãŒã¯äžã®ããã€ã¹ãäºãã«éä¿¡ã§ããŸããããã§ã¯ããã®IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®åºæ¬ãšãIPv4ãšIPv6ãšãã2ã€ã®äž»èŠãªããŒãžã§ã³ã®éãã«ã€ããŠèŠãŠãããŸãããã
IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®åºæ¬
IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã§ããã€ã¹ãç¹å®ããããã®äžæã®çªå·ã§ããäžè¬çã«ã¯ã192.168.1.1ãã®ãããªåœ¢ã§è¡šãããåéšåã¯ããã(.)ã§åºåãããŠããŸããããã¯ãããããã·ãã«èšæ³ããšåŒã°ããããããã®éšåã¯0ãã255ãŸã§ã®æ°åãåãããšãã§ããŸãã
IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãç¹å®ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«ååšããç¹å®ã®ããã€ã¹ãèå¥ããŸããããã¯ãããªããæçŽãéãéã«ãåœãéœåžãå°åºãéãããããŠå®¶ã®çªå·ãæå®ããã®ãšåãã§ããããã«ãããããŒã¿ã¯æ£ç¢ºã«éãå ãŸã§ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããŸãã
IPv4ãšIPv6ã®éã
IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«ã¯2ã€ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãããªãã¡IPv4ãšIPv6ããããŸããIPv4ã¯æãåºã䜿çšãããŠããããŒãžã§ã³ã§ã32ãããã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ç©ºéãæäŸããŸããããã¯çŽ43åã®ãŠããŒã¯ãªã¢ãã¬ã¹ãæå³ããŸããäžæ¹ãIPv6ã¯128ãããã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ç©ºéãæäŸããã»ãŒç¡éã®ãŠããŒã¯ãªã¢ãã¬ã¹ãçæããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
IPv4ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ããããã·ãã«èšæ³ã§è¡šãããåã€ã®æ°å€ããããã§åºåã£ã圢ïŒäŸãã°ã192.168.0.1ïŒã§ç€ºãããŸããããã«å¯ŸããŠãIPv6ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ã³ãã³ã§åºåããã8çµã®4æ¡ã®16é²æ°ïŒäŸãã°ã2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334ïŒã§è¡šãããŸãã
ããããIPv6ã¯åã«ã¢ãã¬ã¹ç©ºéãæ¡å€§ããã ãã§ã¯ãªããã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãšå¹çæ§ã®åäžãæäŸããŸããããšãã°ãIPv6ã¯ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®èªåèšå®ããµããŒãããIPSecãšããã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãããã³ã«ãæšæºãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®æ§é
IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ç¬ç¹ãªæ§é ãæã¡ãããã¯ããŒã¿ã®ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãšãããã¯ãŒã¯ç®¡çãå¯èœã«ããŸããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã¢ãã¬ã¹ããšããã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã®2éšåããæããŸãããŸããIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«ã¯ãã¯ã©ã¹AãBãCããšãã£ãçš®é¡ãããããããããç°ãªããµã€ãºã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãããããŠæåŸã«ãIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«ã¯ããã©ã€ããŒãããšããããªãã¯ãã®2çš®é¡ããããŸããããããã®è©³çŽ°ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠãããŸãã
ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãšãã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹
IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã¯ãŒã¯éšåãšãã¹ãéšåã®äºã€ã®éšåããæ§æãããŸãããããã¯ãŒã¯éšåã¯ããã€ã¹ãååšãããããã¯ãŒã¯ãèå¥ããŸããäžæ¹ããã¹ãéšåã¯ãã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯å ã§ã®ããã€ã¹ãç¹å®ããŸãããããã¯ãŒã¯ãšãã¹ãã®å¢çã¯ãµãããããã¹ã¯ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºãŸããŸããããã«ãããIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯æ°åãã®å€§èŠæš¡ãªãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããšããäžéšã®å°èŠæš¡ãªãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
ã¯ã©ã¹A, B, Cã®IPã¢ãã¬ã¹
IPv4ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãã¯ã©ã¹AãBãCãšãã£ãã¯ã©ã¹ã«åããããŸãããããã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã¯ãIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®æåã®ãããã«åºã¥ããŠå®çŸ©ãããããããããµããŒããããããã¯ãŒã¯ãµã€ãºãšãã¹ãæ°ãç°ãªããŸãã
ã¯ã©ã¹Aã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãæåã®ãããã0ã§å§ãŸããŸãããããã¯ãŒã¯éšåã¯æåã®8ãããïŒæåã®ãªã¯ãããïŒã䜿çšããæ®ãã®24ãããã¯ãã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«äœ¿çšãããŸããã€ãŸããã¯ã©ã¹Aã¯å€§èŠæš¡ãªãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãã
ã¯ã©ã¹Bã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãæåã®ãããã10ã§å§ãŸãããããã¯ãŒã¯éšåã¯æåã®16ãããã䜿çšããŸãããããã£ãŠãã¯ã©ã¹Bã¯äžèŠæš¡ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãã
æåŸã«ãã¯ã©ã¹Cã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãæåã®ãããã110ã§å§ãŸãããããã¯ãŒã¯éšåã¯æåã®24ãããã䜿çšããŸããããã¯ãããå°èŠæš¡ãªãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸãã
ãã©ã€ããŒãIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ãšãããªãã¯IPã¢ãã¬ã¹
IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«ã¯ããã©ã€ããŒããšãããªãã¯ã®2çš®é¡ããããŸãããã©ã€ããŒãIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãç¹å®ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯å éšã§ã®ã¿äœ¿çšãããã¢ãã¬ã¹ã§ããããã¯éåžžã家åºå ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãäŒæ¥ã®å éšãããã¯ãŒã¯ãªã©ã§äœ¿çšãããŸããäžæ¹ããããªãã¯IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã§äžæã«èå¥å¯èœãªã¢ãã¬ã¹ã§ãå€éšã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ããã¢ã¯ã»ã¹å¯èœã§ãã
éèŠãªããšã¯ããããªãã¯IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã§ãŠããŒã¯ã§ããå¿ èŠãããã®ã«å¯Ÿãããã©ã€ããŒãIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãã®å¶éããªããšããããšã§ãããã©ã€ããŒãIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ããŒã«ã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯å ã§ã®ã¿äžæã§ããã°ãããå šäžççã«äžæã§ããå¿ èŠã¯ãããŸããã
ãµããããã£ã³ã°ã®åºç€
ãµããããã£ã³ã°ã¯ãIPãããã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã®äžå¿çãªæŠå¿µã§ãããå¹ççãªãããã¯ãŒã¯ç®¡çãšã¢ãã¬ã¹å©çšã®æé©åãå¯èœã«ããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ããŸããµãããããäœã§ãããããããŠããã«å¯æ¥ã«é¢é£ããæŠå¿µã§ãããµãããããã¹ã¯ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãã
ãµãããããšã¯äœã
ãµããããïŒãµããããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ç¥ïŒãšã¯ã倧ããªIPãããã¯ãŒã¯ãå°ããªéšåã«åå²ãããã®ã§ãããã®åå²ã¯è«ççãªãã®ã§ãç©ççãªãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®æ§é ãšã¯ç¡é¢ä¿ã«è¡ãããŸãããµããããã®äœ¿çšã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ç®¡çã容æã«ããã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®äœ¿çšãå¹çåããŸãã
äŸãã°ã倧ããªäŒæ¥ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãéšçœ²ããšããããã¯ããã¢ããšã«ãµããããã«åå²ãããããšããããŸããããã«ããããããã¯ãŒã¯ç®¡çè ã¯ç¹å®ã®ãµããããå ã§ã®éä¿¡ãå¶åŸ¡ããããåé¡ãç¹å®ã®ãµããããã«éé¢ãããããããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸãããŸãããµããããã£ã³ã°ã¯IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®æ¶èãé ãããå¹æããããŸãã
ãµãããããã¹ã¯ãšã¯äœã
ãµãããããã¹ã¯ã¯ãIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ã©ã®éšåããããã¯ãŒã¯ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã§ãã©ã®éšåããã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ã§ãããã瀺ãããã®æ°å€ã§ããåºæ¬çã«ããµãããããã¹ã¯ã¯ã255.255.255.0ãã®ããã«è¡šçŸããããã®äŸã§ã¯æåã®3ã€ã®ãªã¯ãããïŒ24ãããïŒããããã¯ãŒã¯ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã§ãæåŸã®ãªã¯ãããïŒ8ãããïŒããã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ã§ããããšã瀺ããŸãã
ãµãããããã¹ã¯ã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãšãã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®å¢çãèšå®ããããšã§ãIPãããã¯ãŒã¯ããµããããã«åå²ããŸãããããã£ãŠããµãããããã¹ã¯ãå€æŽããããšã«ããããµããããã®å€§ãããšæ°ã調æŽããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãµããããã£ã³ã°ã®èšç®æ¹æ³
ãµããããã£ã³ã°ã®çè«ãç解ãããã次ã¯å®éã«ãããã©ã®ããã«èšç®ããããåŠã³ãŸãããããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ããŸããµããããåã®åºæ¬çãªæé ã説æãã次ã«å ·äœçãªäŸã䜿çšããŠããããã©ã®ããã«æ©èœããããå®æŒããŸãã
ãµããããåã®æé
ãµããããåãè¡ãåºæ¬çãªæé ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãšããã§ãã
- å¿ èŠãªãµããããæ°ãšåãµããããã§å¿ èŠãªãã¹ãæ°ã決å®ããŸãã
- IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ãã¹ãéšããµããããéšãšãã¹ãéšã«åå²ããŸããããã¯ããµãããããã¹ã¯ãå€æŽããããšã§è¡ããŸãããµãããããã¹ã¯ã®ã0ãã®éšåãã1ãã«å€æŽããããšã§ããã¹ãéšããããããåããŠãµããããéšãäœããŸããå¿ èŠãªãµããããæ°ãåŸããããŸã§ããããåããŸãã
- æ°ãããµãããããã¹ã¯ãèšç®ããŸãã
- ãµããããã®ç¯å²ãèšç®ããŸããããã¯ããµããããéšã®æå°å€ïŒãµããããã¢ãã¬ã¹ïŒãšæ倧å€ïŒãããŒããã£ã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ïŒãèšç®ããããšã§è¡ããŸãã
ãããã®æé ã¯ããµããããåã®åºæ¬çãªãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãæäŸããŸãããå ·äœçãªèšç®ã¯IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ãšãµãããããã¹ã¯ã®å ·äœçãªå€ã«ãããŸãã次ã®ãµãã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ããããã®æé ãå ·äœçãªäŸã«é©çšããŸãã
å®äŸã䜿ã£ããµããããã£ã³ã°
以äžã«ãå ·äœçãªIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã192.168.1.0/24ããšãããããã¯ãŒã¯ã§ã4ã€ã®ãµãããããäœããããšããäŸãèããŠã¿ãŸãããã
ãŸãã4ã€ã®ãµãããããäœæããããã«ã¯ãå°ãªããšã2ãããïŒ2^2=4ïŒããã¹ãéšããåããŠãµããããéšãæ¡å€§ããå¿ èŠããããŸããããã«ãããæ°ãããµãããããã¹ã¯ã¯ã255.255.255.192ãïŒå24ããã+2ããã=26ãããïŒãšãªããŸãã
次ã«ããµããããã®ç¯å²ãèšç®ããŸãã4ã€ã®ãµããããã¯ä»¥äžã®ãšãããšãªããŸãïŒ
- 192.168.1.0 – 192.168.1.63
- 192.168.1.64 – 192.168.1.127
- 192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.191
- 192.168.1.192 – 192.168.1.255
ãããã®åç¯å²ã¯ãããããã®ãµããããã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¢ãã¬ã¹ïŒç¯å²ã®æåïŒãšãããŒããã£ã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ïŒç¯å²ã®æåŸïŒã瀺ããŠããŸãããµããããã®ãã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã®äºã€ã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®éã«äœçœ®ããŸãã
ãã®äŸãéããŠããµããããåãå ·äœçã«ã©ã®ããã«è¡ãããããç解ããããšãã§ããŸããããµããããåã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ç®¡çãšã¢ãã¬ã¹äœ¿çšã®æé©åã«äžå¯æ¬ ãªã¹ãã«ã§ãã
ãµããããã£ã³ã°ã®å©ç¹ãšçšé
ãããŸã§ã«èª¬æãããµããããã£ã³ã°ã®åºç€ãšèšç®æ¹æ³ã«å ããŠããµããããã£ã³ã°ããããã¯ãŒã¯ç®¡çã«ã©ã®ããã«å©çšããããããããŠãããããããäž»ãªå©ç¹ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãã
ãããã¯ãŒã¯ç®¡çã®å¹çå
ãµããããã£ã³ã°ã¯ã倧èŠæš¡ãªãããã¯ãŒã¯ãè€æ°ã®å°èŠæš¡ãªãµããããã«åå²ããããšã§ããããã¯ãŒã¯ç®¡çã®å¹çãå€§å¹ ã«åäžãããŸããããã«ãããåãµããããã¯ç¬ç«ããŠç®¡çããããšãã§ããäžéšã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«åé¡ãçºçããå Žåã§ããä»ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã«åœ±é¿ãåãŒãããšãªãä¿®æ£ã察å¿ãè¡ãããšãã§ããŸããããã«ããµããããã£ã³ã°ã«ããããããã¯ãŒã¯ãã©ãã£ãã¯ã®æµããå¶åŸ¡ããé©åã«ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸãã
ã»ãã¥ãªãã£åäž
ãµããããã£ã³ã°ã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã®åäžã«ãè²¢ç®ããŸããåãµããããã¯ä»ã®ãµããããããåé¢ãããŠãããããããäžã€ã®ãµãããããæ»æãåãããšããŠãããã®åœ±é¿ãä»ã®ãµããããã«åºããããšãé²ãããšãã§ããŸãããŸãããããã¯ãŒã¯ãªãœãŒã¹ãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããµããããã¬ãã«ã§å¶åŸ¡ããããšã§ãæ å ±ã®ä¿è·ãšããŒã¿ã®æ©å¯æ§ãç¶æããããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸãã
IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ç¯çŽ
ãµããããã£ã³ã°ã¯ãIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®äœ¿çšãæé©åãããã®çµæãå šäœã®ã¢ãã¬ã¹ç©ºéãç¯çŽããããšãã§ããŸãããµããããã£ã³ã°ãçšããããšã§ã倧èŠæš¡ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®å Žåã§ããåãµããããã«å¿ èŠãªãã¹ãæ°ã ãIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ãå²ãåœãŠãããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸããããã«ãããIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ç¡é§ãªæ¶è²»ãæããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãããã®å©ç¹ã¯ããµããããã£ã³ã°ããããã¯ãŒã¯èšèšãšç®¡çã®äžæ žçãªããŒã«ãšããŠåºã䜿çšãããŠããçç±ãæ確ã«ç€ºããŠããŸãããµããããã£ã³ã°ã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã®æè»æ§ãšæ¡åŒµæ§ãåäžããããããã¯ãŒã¯ãªãœãŒã¹ã®æé©ãªå©çšãå¯èœã«ããŸãã
ãµããããã£ã³ã°ã®ææŠãšè§£æ±ºç
ãµããããã£ã³ã°ã«ã¯å€ãã®å©ç¹ããããŸãããããããé©åã«æŽ»çšããããã«ã¯äžå®ã®èª²é¡ãå æããå¿ èŠããããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ããµããããã£ã³ã°ã«ãããäž»èŠãªææŠãšãã®è§£æ±ºçã«ã€ããŠèå¯ããŸãã
èšç®ã®é£ãã
ãµããããã£ã³ã°ã¯ãç¹ã«åããŠæ¥ããæ¹ã ã«ãšã£ãŠãèšç®ãè€éã§é£è§£ã«æããããããšããããŸããIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ãšãµãããããã¹ã¯ããããã§è¡šçŸããããããçšããŠãµããããã®ç¯å²ãå®ããéçšã¯ã粟確ããšç解ãèŠæ±ãããŸãããŸããç¹ã«å€§èŠæš¡ãªãããã¯ãŒã¯ã§ã¯ããµããããã®æ°ããµã€ãºãé©åã«èšç»ããããã«ã¯åºç¯ã§æ·±ãç解ãæ±ããããŸãã
ãµããããèšç®ããŒã«ã®å©çš
ãããã幞ããªããšã«ããããã®èª²é¡ã軜æžããããã®ããŒã«ãååšããŸãããµããããèšç®ããŒã«ã¯ãå¿ èŠãªãµããããã®æ°ããã¹ãã®æ°ãå ¥åããã ãã§ãé©åãªãµãããããã¹ã¯ãèªåçã«èšç®ããŠãããŸãããŸãããããã®ããŒã«ã¯éåžžãåãµããããã®IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ç¯å²ããããŒããã£ã¹ãã¢ãã¬ã¹ãªã©ããµããããã«é¢ããéèŠãªæ å ±ãæäŸããŸãããããã®ããŒã«ãå©çšããããšã§ããµããããã£ã³ã°ã®èšç®ã容æã«ãããããã¯ãŒã¯ã®èšç»ãšèšå®ã®æéãå€§å¹ ã«ççž®ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãããã®ããŒã«ã®äžã«ã¯ãç¡æã§ãªã³ã©ã€ã³ã§æäŸãããŠãããã®ãå€ããååŠè ã§ã䜿ããããããã«èšèšãããŠããŸãããããã掻çšããããšã§ããµããããã£ã³ã°ã®èšç®ã®é£ãããä¹ãè¶ãããã®å©ç¹ãæ倧éã«åŒãåºãããšãã§ããŸãã
ãµãããããšã¹ãŒããŒããã
ãµãããããšã¹ãŒããŒãããã¯ãã©ã¡ãããããã¯ãŒã¯ã管çããããã®éèŠãªæŠå¿µã§ããããããã®ç¹æ§ãç解ããããšã§ãããå¹ççãªãããã¯ãŒã¯ç®¡çãå¯èœã«ãªããŸããããã§ã¯ãããããã®æŠå¿µã詳ãã説æãããã®éããæ確ã«ããŸãã
ã¹ãŒããŒããããšã¯äœã
ã¹ãŒããŒããããšã¯ãè€æ°ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãäžã€ã®å€§ããªãããã¯ãŒã¯ãšããŠæ±ãææ³ã®ããšãæããŸããããã¯ãµããããã£ã³ã°ãšã¯å察ã®æŠå¿µã§ãã¹ãŒããŒãããã¯å€ãã®å°ããªãããã¯ãŒã¯ãéçŽããŠãäžã€ã®IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ç¯å²ãšããŠè¡šçŸããŸããã¹ãŒããŒãããã¯äž»ã«ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããŒãã«ãç°¡ç¥åããããã«äœ¿çšãããã«ãŒã¿ãä¿æããã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°æ å ±ã®éãåæžã§ããŸãã
ãµãããããšã¹ãŒããŒãããã®éã
ãµãããããšã¹ãŒããŒãããã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã®èŠæš¡ã«å¯ŸããŠéã®æ¹åã«åãæŠå¿µã§ãããµããããã¯äžã€ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãå°ããªéšåã«åå²ããŸããããã«å¯Ÿããã¹ãŒããŒãããã¯è€æ°ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãäžã€ã®å€§ããªãããã¯ãŒã¯ãšããŠæ±ããŸãã
ãµããããã¯äž»ã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯å éšã®ç®¡çãæ¹åããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸããäžæ¹ãã¹ãŒããŒãããã¯ã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã§ã®ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãæé©åããããã«äœ¿çšãããŸããã¹ãŒããŒãããã¯ãè€æ°ã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãäžã€ã®ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã³ããªãšããŠè¡šçŸããããšã§ãã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããŒãã«ã®ãµã€ãºãåæžããã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®å¹çãåäžãããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãã®ããã«ããµãããããšã¹ãŒããŒãããã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ç®¡çã®ç°ãªãåŽé¢ãæ¹åããããã«ååšããŸãããããã®æŠå¿µãç解ããé©åã«å©çšããããšã§ãå¹ççã§æè»ãªãããã¯ãŒã¯èšèšãšç®¡çãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãã
ãŸãšããšæ¬¡ã®ã¹ããã
ãããŸã§ã«åŠãã ããšãäžåºŠã«ãŸãšããããã«æ·±ãç解ãžãšé²ãããã®éçã瀺ããŸãããã®æ å ±ãåºã«ãèªè ã®çæ§ãæ°ããªç¥èãåŒãç¶ãç©ã¿äžããããããšãé¡ã£ãŠããŸãã
IPã¢ãã¬ãã·ã³ã°ãšãµããããã£ã³ã°ã®éèŠæ§
IPã¢ãã¬ãã·ã³ã°ãšãµããããã£ã³ã°ã¯ãå¹ççã§å®å šãªãããã¯ãŒã¯ç°å¢ãæ§ç¯ããããã®åºæ¬çãªããŒã«ã§ããæ£ç¢ºãªIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ç解ã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯éã®éä¿¡ãå¶åŸ¡ããåããã€ã¹ããããã¯ãŒã¯å ã§é©åã«æ©èœããããšãä¿èšŒããŸããäžæ¹ããµããããã£ã³ã°ã¯ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®åå²ãšç®¡çãå¯èœã«ãããªãœãŒã¹ã®å¹ççãªäœ¿çšãã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã®åäžããããŠãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãæé©åããŸãã
ãŸãããµãããããšã¹ãŒããŒãããã¯ãããã¯ãŒã¯èšèšã®ç°ãªãåŽé¢ãæ¹åããææ³ã§ããããã®é©åãªç解ãšäœ¿çšãæ±ããããŸãããããã®æŠå¿µã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã®èŠæš¡ãšèŠä»¶ã«å¿ããŠããããã¯ãŒã¯ãåå²ããããçµ±åãããããããšãå¯èœã«ããŸãã
ä»åŸåŠã¶ã¹ããããã¯ã¹
ãããã®åºæ¬çãªæŠå¿µãç¿åŸããåŸãããã«æ·±ãç解ãåŸãããã«ã¯ã以äžã®ãããã¯ã¹ã«ã€ããŠåŠã¶ããšãæšå¥šããŸãã
ãŸããåçãã¹ãèšå®ãããã³ã«(DHCP)ã«ã€ããŠåŠã¶ããšã§ããDHCPã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã«æ¥ç¶ããããã€ã¹ã«èªåçã«IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ãå²ãåœãŠãããã®ãããã³ã«ã§ãIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ç®¡çã®æéãå€§å¹ ã«åæžããŸãã
ãŸããã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããããã³ã«ããŒãžã§ã³6ïŒIPv6ïŒã«ã€ããŠåŠã³ãŸããããIPv6ã¯ãIPv4ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®æ¯æžåé¡ã解決ããããã«éçºãããæ°ããIPã¢ãã¬ãã·ã³ã°ã¹ããŒã ã§ãå€§å¹ ã«å¢ããã¢ãã¬ã¹ç©ºéãšãããŸããŸãªæ°æ©èœãæäŸããŸãã
ãããŠæåŸã«ããããã¯ãŒã¯ã¢ãã¬ã¹å€æïŒNATïŒã«ã€ããŠåŠã¶ããšãéèŠã§ããNATã¯ããã©ã€ããŒããããã¯ãŒã¯ã®IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããäžã®ãããªãã¯IPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«å€æããæè¡ã§ãIPã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ç¯çŽãšã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã®åäžã«è²¢ç®ããŸãã
ãããã®ãããã¯ã¹ã«ã€ããŠåŠã¶ããšã§ãããå æ¬çãªãããã¯ãŒã¯ç¥èã身ã«ã€ããçŸä»£ã®ããžã¿ã«äžçã§å¿ èŠãªã¹ãã«ãç¿åŸããããšãã§ããŸãã