1. COBOLã«ã€ããŠã®åºæ¬ç¥è
COBOLãšã¯ãããžãã¹é åã®åŠçç¹æ§ãæã€ããã°ã©ã èšèªã§ãããã®æŽå²ãç解ããç°å¢æ§ç¯ã®éèŠã«å¿ããããã«ãããã§ã¯COBOLã®åºæ¬æ å ±ã説æããŸãã
1.1 COBOLã®æŠèŠ
COBOLã¯ãCommon Business Oriented Languageã®ç¥ç§°ã§ã1960幎ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§éçºãããããžãã¹åãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ãããã®èšèšç念ã¯ã人éãç解ããããèšèªã§ããããšãšãããžãã¹ããžãã¯ãèšè¿°ããã®ã«é©ããŠããããšã§ãã
COBOLã¯ããã®äººéã«åªããèšèšã«ãããåå¿è ã§ãæ¯èŒç容æã«æ±ãããšãã§ããŸãããã®èšèªã§ã¯ããŸãè€éãªæäœãå¿ èŠãšãããäž»ã«ããŒã¿åŠçãšããžãã¹ããžãã¯ã®åŠçã«äœ¿ãããŸãã
å ããŠãCOBOLã¯ãã®é·æéã«æž¡ãå©çšã«ãããéèæ©é¢ãä¿éºæ¥çãªã©ã®äŒæ¥ã§åºã䜿ãããŠããŸãããã®ãããå€ãã®ããžãã¹ã§COBOLã®ç°å¢èšå®ãå¿ èŠãšãããŠããŸãã
1.2 COBOLã®ç¹æ§
COBOLã®æ倧ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ãããžãã¹ããŒã¿åŠçã«æé©åãããŠããããšã§ããå ·äœçã«ã¯ã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãæŽåããœãŒãããåŠçãåŸæã§ãéèæ©é¢ãä¿éºæ¥çãªã©ã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãåŠçããå¿ èŠãããæ¥çã§éå®ãããŠããŸãã
ãŸããCOBOLã®ã³ãŒãã¯ããã®äººéã«åªããèªåœãšç¬ç¹ã®æ§é ã«ãããéããã°ã©ããŒã§ãæ¯èŒçç解ãããããšããç¹æ§ãæã£ãŠããŸãããã®ãããããžãã¹çŸå Žã§ã®å©çšã«é©ããŠãããšèšããŸãã
ããã«ãCOBOLã¯å ç¢æ§ã«åªããŠããŸãããã®èšèšããçãŸãããã®ç¹æ§ã¯ãé·æéã«ãããå®å®çã«çšŒåãç¶ããã·ã¹ãã ãæ§ç¯ããéã«ã¯éåžžã«äŸ¿å©ã§ãã
1.3 COBOLã®æŽå²ãšé²å
COBOLã¯ã1960幎ã«åœé²çã®æ¯æŽãåããŠã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§éçºãããŸããããã®èšèšææ³ã¯ãéå§ããçŸåšãŸã§å€ããããšãªããããžãã¹é åã«ããã人éã®ç解ã«å¯Ÿããã¢ã¯ã»ã·ããªãã£ãšãéèãããžãã¹é åã§ã®å ç¢ãªããŒã¿åŠçèœåã®ç¢ºä¿ã«ãããŸãã
COBOLã¯ãã®ååšä»¥æ¥ãäž»ã«éè¡ãä¿éºæ¥çãæ¿åºæ©é¢ãªã©ã§åºãæ®åããŸããããã®æ°å幎ã«ããã掻èºã«ãããå€ãã®ããžãã¹ã·ã¹ãã ã§COBOLãäžæ žãæ ã£ãŠããŸãã
è¿å¹ŽãCOBOLã¯ã¬ã¬ã·ãŒã·ã¹ãã ã®é åãšèŠãªãããŠããŸããããã®æ ¹åŒ·ã人æ°ãšå ç¢æ§ãããä»ã§ãå¹ åºã掻çšãããŠããŸããããã¯ããªãã¡ãCOBOLã®ç°å¢èšå®ãä»åŸããªããªãããšã¯ãªããšããããšã§ãã
1.4 COBOLã®éèŠæ§ãšçŸç¶
çŸä»£ç€ŸäŒã«ãããŠCOBOLã¯å€ãã®æ¥çã§äœ¿ãããç¹ã«éèæ¥çã«ãããŠãã®åœ±é¿åã¯éåžžã«å€§ããã§ããå€ãã®éè¡ãä¿éºäŒç€ŸããéèŠãªã·ã¹ãã ãCOBOLã§çšŒåãããŠããã®ãçŸç¶ã§ãã
COBOLã¯ããããã®äŒæ¥ã«ãããäºæ¥æŽ»åã®æ ¹å¹¹ã«é¢ããã·ã¹ãã ããµããŒãããŠããããã®åœ¹å²ã¯éåžžã«éèŠã§ãããã®ãããCOBOLã®ç¥èãæã€ããšã¯äŒæ¥ã«ãããäžå®ã®äŸ¡å€ãæå³ããŸãã
ãããŠãè¿å¹Žã®ã¬ã¬ã·ãŒã·ã¹ãã ã®ã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ããªãã¬ãŒã¹ãé²ãäžã§ãCOBOLã®ç°å¢èšå®ãšé¡äŒŒã®æè¡è ãå¢å ããŠããŠããŸãããã®ãããCOBOLã«ã€ããŠç解ãããã®ç°å¢æ§ç¯ã«ã€ããŠç¥ã£ãŠããããšã¯ãçŸä»£ã®IT瀟äŒã«ãããŠæçšã§ãããšãããŸãã
2. COBOLç°å¢æ§ç¯ã®åæç¥è
COBOLãèªèº«ã®ãã·ã³ã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããç°å¢ãæ§ç¯ããããã«ã¯ããã®åã«ããã€ãã®åºæ¬çãªç¥èãšæºåãå¿ èŠã§ãããã®ç¯ã§ã¯ããããã解説ããããšã§ãã¹ã ãŒãºãªç°å¢æ§ç¯ãæ¯æŽããããšæããŸãã
2.1 å¿ èŠãªããŒããŠã§ã¢ãšãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®æ¡ä»¶
ãŸãæåã«ãCOBOLãå®è¡ããããã«å¿ èŠãªããŒããŠã§ã¢ãšãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®æ¡ä»¶ãç¥ããŸããäžè¬çã«ãæäœã§ã2GBã®RAMãšååãªã¹ãã¬ãŒãžã¹ããŒã¹ãå¿ èŠã§ãããŸããCOBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ãšããŠåºãå©çšãããŠããGNU COBOLã䜿ãå ŽåãGNUéçºç°å¢ãæ§ç¯ããããšãå¿ èŠãšãªããŸãã
ãœãããŠã§ã¢é¢ã§ã¯ãCOBOLã®å®è¡ç°å¢ãšããŠLinuxãæšå¥šãããŠããŸãããWindowsããã³macOSäžã«ãCOBOLç°å¢ãæ§ç¯ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
ãã®ä»ã«ããããã¹ããšãã£ã¿ã®å°å ¥ã¯æ¬ ãããŸãããå®çªã®VimãEmacsãVisual Studio Codeãªã©ã®ãšãã£ã¿ãååšããŸãã
2.2 ãµããŒããããŠããOSãšãã®ããŒãžã§ã³
次ã«ãCOBOLããµããŒãããŠããOSãšãã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã説æããŸããçŸç¶ãLinuxãšWindowsãmacOSããµããŒããããŠããŸããç¹ã«Linuxã§ã¯ãUbuntuãCentOSãšãã£ãäž»èŠãªãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³å šãŠã§åäœããŸãã
Windowsã®å Žåã¯ãWindows 7以äžããµããŒãããŠããŸããmacOSã«ã€ããŠã¯ãmacOS 10以äžã察å¿ããŠããŸãã
åOSã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãææ°ã®ãã®ã䜿çšããŠããã°åé¡ãããŸããããå€ãããŒãžã§ã³ã®å Žåã¯é©å®ã¢ããããŒããè¡ã£ãŠãã ããã
2.3 å¿ èŠãªäŸåé¢ä¿ã®ãªã¹ã
ç¶ããŠãCOBOLã®ç°å¢æ§ç¯ã«ã¯ãç¹å®ã®ããŒããŠã§ã¢ããã³ãœãããŠã§ã¢ãžã®äŸåé¢ä¿ããããŸããäž»ã«GNU C ã³ã³ãã€ã©ïŒGCCïŒãGNU MakeããããŠCOBOLã®ãã«ãã«å¿ èŠãªãã«ãããŒã«ïŒautoconfãautomakeãªã©ïŒãããã«åœãããŸãã
ãããã®äŸåé¢ä¿ã¯OSã®ããã±ãŒãžãããŒãžã£ãŒãå©çšããŠã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«å¯èœã§ããããšãã°ãUbuntuã§ã¯sudo apt-get install
ã³ãã³ãã§ãmacOSã§ã¯Homebrewãå©çšããŠäŸåããã±ãŒãžãäžæ¬ã§ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãããã®äŸåé¢ä¿ãæºããããšã§ãäž»ã«ã³ã³ãã€ã©ãšããŠæ©èœããCOBOLã®ãœãããŠã§ã¢èªäœã®ããã±ãŒãžãããŠã³ããŒããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããŠé©åã«å®è¡ã§ããŸãã
2.4 ç°å¢æ§ç¯åã®æ³šæäºé
æåŸã«ãç°å¢æ§ç¯åã®æ³šæäºé ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãããŸãæåã«ãäžèšã§è¿°ã¹ãäŸåé¢ä¿ããã£ãããšç¢ºèªããæºåããŠãããŸãããããããã®äŸåé¢ä¿ãæ¬ ããŠãããšãCOBOLã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãæ£ããè¡ããªãå¯èœæ§ãããããã§ãã
ãŸããè€æ°ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã®COBOLãåæã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããšãã³ã³ããªã¯ããèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ããããããäžèŠãªããŒãžã§ã³ã¯ãããããã¢ã³ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŠããããšããå§ãããŸãã
ããã«ãCOBOLã®åããŒãžã§ã³ã«ã¯åŸ®åŠãªéããååšããŸãããã®ãããç¹å®ã®ããŒãžã§ã³ãå¿ èŠãšãããããžã§ã¯ãã«åãçµãå Žåã¯ãå¿ ããã®ããŒãžã§ã³ã®COBOLãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãããŠããããšã確èªããŠãã ããã
3. COBOLã®ç°å¢æ§ç¯æé
3.1 COBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«
COBOLç°å¢æ§ç¯ã®æåã®ã¹ãããã¯ãCOBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã§ããç¹å®ã®OSã«äŸåããããããªãã¬ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãšäºææ§ãããããšã確èªããŠããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãé²ããŠãã ããã
COBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ã¯ãCOBOLããã°ã©ã ã®ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããæ©æ¢°èªã«å€æããŸãããã®å€æã«ãããããã°ã©ã ã¯ããŒããŠã§ã¢ã§çŽæ¥å®è¡å¯èœã«ãªããŸãã
ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æé ã¯å ¬åŒããã¥ã¡ã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã確èªããã ããŸããæé ã®è©³çŽ°ãç解ããŠé©åã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããã°ãããŒããŠã§ã¢æ§æã«å¿ããŠæé©ãªããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãåäžããŸãã
3.2 éçºç°å¢ã®èšå®
次ã®ã¹ãããã¯ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°ãšãããã°ã«æé©ãªCOBOLéçºç°å¢ã®èšå®ã§ããéçºãšãã£ã¿ãçµ±åéçºç°å¢(IDE)ããŸãã¯ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããšãã£ã¿ã®ãããããéžæããŸãã
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ç°å¢ã¯ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã®å質ãšïŒçç£æ§ã«å€§ãã«åœ±é¿ããŸããé©åãªIDEã¯ïŒéçºãšã©ãŒã®æ©æçºèŠãïŒèªåã³ãŒãçæãªã©ã®æ©èœããããããŸãã
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°ç°å¢ã®èšå®ã«ã¯ãå¿ èŠãªãœãããŠã§ã¢ã³ã³ããŒãã³ãã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãšèšå®ãå«ãŸããŸãããããã¯ããã°ã©ã ã®å質ãšéçºé床ãåäžãããŸãã
3.3 COBOLã©ã€ãã©ãªã®å°å ¥
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ã©ã€ãã©ãªãå°å ¥ããããšã§ãéçºè ã¯ç¬èªã®ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãäœæããæéãšåŽåãç¯çŽã§ããŸããããã«ãããçç£æ§ã¯å€§å¹ ã«åäžããŸãã
ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®éžæãšå°å ¥ã®ããã»ã¹ã¯ããããžã§ã¯ãã®èŠä»¶ãšç®æšã«åºã¥ããŠè¡ãããŸããé©åãªã©ã€ãã©ãªãå°å ¥ããããšã§ãCOBOLããã°ã©ã ã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãšæ©èœæ§ãåäžããŸãã
3.4 ãã¹ãç°å¢ã®æ§ç¯
次ã«ãäœæãããCOBOLããã°ã©ã ããã¹ãããç°å¢ã®æ§ç¯ãè¡ãããŸããããã«ã¯ãç¬ç«ãããã¹ãç°å¢ã®äœæãšãé©åãªãã¹ãããŒã¿ã®æºåãå«ãŸããŸãã
ãã¹ãç°å¢ã®äœæã¯ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãšå質ã®é«ãCOBOLããã°ã©ã ã確ä¿ããããã®éèŠãªã¹ãããã§ããããã«ãããéçºè ã¯ããã°ã©ã ãæåŸ ã©ããã«æ©èœããåæ©èœãé©åã«åäœããããšã確èªã§ããŸãã
ãã¹ãããŒã¿æ¬æ¥ã®æ¥åããŒã¿ãšæ¥µåè¿ããã®ãšãããã¹ãŠã®äºæ³ãããæ¥åã·ããªãªãã«ããŒãããŠããã°ååã§ããããã«ãããæ¬çªç°å¢ã§ã®ããã°ã©ã ã®æ¯ãèããæ倧éã«ã·ãã¥ã¬ãŒãããæœåšçãªåé¡ãæ©æã«ç¹å®ããŸãã
4. COBOLç°å¢èšå®ã®ãã©ãã«ã·ã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°
COBOLç°å¢èšå®ã«é¢ããŠã¯ãåããŠã®è©Šã¿ã«ãªããšãã©ãã«ãå€ãããšã¯èª°ããèªèããŠããã§ãããã以äžã§ã¯ãããééããåé¡ã解æããããã«å¯Ÿãã解決çãæäŸããããšã§ãããã¹ã ãŒãºãªèšå®äœæ¥ãå¯èœã«ãªãããå©ããæäŸããŸãã
ããã«ãåäœç¢ºèªãšãããã°ç°å¢ã«ã€ããŠã觊ããåçš®ãšã©ãŒã®å¯ŸåŠæ³ã解説ããŸãã
ãããŠæåŸã«ãCOBOLç°å¢èšå®ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ãªãœãŒã¹ãšåèæç®ã玹ä»ããŸããããããé©å®å©çšããããšã§ãããæ·±ãç解ãšããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã®åäžãæåŸ ã§ããŸãã
4.1 ããããèšå®ãã¹ãšãã®å¯ŸåŠæ³
èšå®ãã¹ã¯ãCOBOLç°å¢èšå®ã«ãããæãäžè¬çãªåé¡ã®ã²ãšã€ã§ããã«ãŒããã¹ã®èª€ããã©ã€ãã©ãªã®äŸåé¢ä¿ã®èŠèœãšããäºææ§ã®æ¬ åŠãªã©ãããã«è©²åœããŸãã
ãããã®ãã¹ã¯ããšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžãé©åã«è§£èªããããšã§èŸ¿ãã€ãããšãå¯èœã§ããå ·äœçãªãšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžãšãããæã瀺ãåé¡ããããŠãã®ä¿®æ£æ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãåŸè¿°ã®ãšã©ãŒè§£æãšä¿®æ£ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§è©³ãã説æããŸãã
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4.2 ç°å¢èšå®ãšã©ãŒã®è§£æãšä¿®æ£
ç°å¢èšå®ãšã©ãŒã®è§£æã¯ããšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžã®ç解ãäžå¿ãšãªããŸãããšã©ãŒã¡ãã»ãŒãžã¯ãåé¡ã®å 容ãšåå ã瀺ãéèŠãªæ å ±ãå«ãã§ããŸãã
ããšãã°ãâmissing libraryâãšããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã衚瀺ãããå Žåãç¹å®ã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãèŠã€ãããªããšããåé¡ç¹ã瀺ãããŸãããã®ä¿®æ£æ³ãšããŠã¯ãå¿ èŠãªã©ã€ãã©ãªãããŠã³ããŒãããé©åãªå Žæã«é 眮ããããšã§ãã
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4.3 COBOLã®åäœç¢ºèªãšãããã°ç°å¢
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åäœç¢ºèªã§ã¯ããHello, WorldãçšåºŠã®ç°¡åãªããã°ã©ã ãäœæãããããæåŸ éãã«åäœãããã確èªããããšã§ãç°å¢ãæ£ããèšå®ãããŠããããå€æããŸãã
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4.4 æçšãªãªãœãŒã¹ãšåèæç®
COBOLã®ç°å¢æ§ç¯ã«ã¯ãå°éæžããŠã§ããµã€ããªã©å€ãã®æ å ±æºãååšããŸããããããªãœãŒã¹ãäžæãå©çšããããšã§ãç°å¢èšå®ã®éã®åé¡è§£æ±ºãç解ã®æ·±åãæåŸ ã§ããŸãã
ãŸããå ¬åŒããã¥ã¡ã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ãèŠãã®ãæå¹ã§ããææ°æ å ±ã詳现ãªæåãèšèŒãããŠããŸãããã®ä»ãã³ãã¥ããã£ãµã€ãã§ã¯ãåãåé¡ãçµéšãã人ã ã®å¯ŸåŠæ³ãèŠã€ããããšãã§ããŸãã
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5. COBOLç°å¢æ§ç¯ã®ãã¹ããã©ã¯ãã£ã¹
COBOLç°å¢æ§ç¯ã«ããŸãåãçµãããã«ã¯ãããã€ãã®ãã¹ããã©ã¯ãã£ã¹ãç解ããããšãéèŠã§ãããã®ç¯ã§ã¯ãå¹ççãªç°å¢æ§ç¯ã®ããã®èšç»ãšæºåãå®å šãªæ¹æ³ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹æé©åãããã³äœ¿çšãã¹ãããŒã«ã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
5.1 ç°å¢æ§ç¯ã®èšç»ãšæºå
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5.2 å®å šãªç°å¢æ§ç¯æ¹æ³
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5.4 ç°å¢æ§ç¯ã®ããã®æçšãªããŒã«
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6. ãŸãšã
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6.1 COBOLç°å¢æ§ç¯ã®æµãã®å確èª
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6.3 å°æ¥ã®ç°å¢æ§ç¯ã®å±æ
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6.4 ãããã«
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