1. COBOLãšã¯
COBOLïŒCommon Business Oriented LanguageïŒã¯ãåçšç®çãäž»ãšããé«æ°Žæºã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããCOBOLã¯1959幎ã«ç»å Žãããã®åœä»€æã¯è±èªã®ææ³ã«è¿ã圢ãåã£ãŠããŸããããããç¹æ§ã¯ååŠè ã®åŠç¿ã容æã«ãããããããžã£ã³ã«ã®éçºè ã«å¯ŸããŠçŽæçãªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°äœéšãæäŸããŸãã
COBOLã¯é·ãæŽå²ãæã€èšèªã§ãããªãããä»æ¥ã§ãå šäžçã®éè¡ãä¿éºäŒç€Ÿã亀éã·ã¹ãã ãªã©ãå€ãã®ã¯ãªãã£ã«ã«ãªã·ã¹ãã ã§çšŒåããŠããŸãããã®ä»ãªãç¶ã掻èºãæ¯ããä¿¡é Œæ§ãšå®å®æ§ã¯COBOLãä»ã®èšèªãšæ¯èŒããŠç¹çãã¹ãç¹é·ãšèšããã§ãããã
è¿å¹Žã§ã¯ãCOBOLããJavaçã®æ°ããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ã·ã¹ãã ã移è¡ããåãããããŸããããã®äžæ¹ã§COBOLã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãšä¿¡é Œæ§ã掻ããã¹ãæ°ãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãã©ã€ãã©ãªãéçºããç¶ããŠããŸãã
1.1 COBOLã®æŽå²ãšç¹åŸŽ
COBOLã¯ã1959幎ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®åœé²ç·çãäž»å°ããŠéçºãããŸãããæ¥åã·ã¹ãã ã®äžæ žãæ ããšãšãã«ãäŒæ¥ã倧éã®æ å ±ãå¹ççã«æ±ãå¿ èŠããçãŸããŠããŸãã
ãã®ç¹åŸŽçãªè±æã©ã€ã¯ãªåœä»€æã¯ããã®åŸã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªèšèšã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããŸããããŸããé·ãå±¥æŽãçããããšãã¹ããŒãéçºè ã«ãã£ãŠå¹ãããæè¡ããã¹ããã©ã¯ãã£ã¹ãè±å¯ã«ååšããŸãã
COBOLã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ããã®èªã¿ãããããä¿å®æ§ã«åªããŠããŸãããŸããé«ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãšå®å®ããããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãæåŸ ã§ããããã倧èŠæš¡ãªæ¥åã·ã¹ãã ã§å€ãæ¡çšãããŠããŸãã
1.2 COBOLã®äž»ãªçšé
COBOLã¯äž»ã«éèæ¥çãå ¬å ±ã€ã³ãã©ã¹ãã©ã¯ãã£ã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸããéè¡ãä¿éºã茞éæ¥çãªã©ã巚倧ãªããŒã¿ãå¹ççã«åŠçããå¿ èŠãããå Žé¢ã§ã®å©çšäŸãå€ãã§ãã
ãŸããå ¬å ±ã»ã¯ã¿ãŒã«ãããè¡æ¿æ å ±ã·ã¹ãã ãªã©ã§ãCOBOLã¯äžéšã§æŽ»çšãããŠããŸããå¢ãç¶ãã人å£ããŒã¿ãç°å¢ããŒã¿ã®åŠçãªã©ã«äœ¿çšãããããšããããŸãã
è¿å¹Žã§ã¯ãã¯ã©ãŠãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãããã°ããŒã¿åæã®åéã§ããCOBOLã®èœåã掻çšããæ°ãããœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçºãé²ãã§ããŸãã
1.3 COBOLã®åŸæãªæ¥åé å
æ¥çãåãããå¿ èŠãªæ å ±ãå¹ççã«åéã»åŠçã»åæããæ¥åã«COBOLã¯æé©ã§ããäŸãã°ã倧éã®é¡§å®¢æ å ±ãéèååŒæ å ±ã管çããæœåºããæ¥åã§ã¯åŒãç¶ã掻èºããŠããŸãã
ãŸããè€éãªèšç®ãå¿ èŠãšããä¿éºãéè¡ã®æ¥åã倧éã®éè³èšç®ã䌎ã亀éã·ã¹ãã ã®éå¶ãªã©ã«ãããããã§ãã
ããã«ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãèä¹ æ§ãéèŠãããå ¬å ±èšæœã®éçšç®¡çãªã©ãã¯ãªãã£ã«ã«ãªæ¥åãæ¯ããŠããŸãã
1.4 COBOLã®çŸåšã®å°äœãšèª²é¡
COBOLã¯ããã®é«ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãšå®çžŸã«ãããçŸåšã§ãå šäžçã®äŒæ¥ãå ¬å ±æ©é¢ã§å©çšããç¶ããŠããŸããæªã å€ãã®ã¯ãªãã£ã«ã«ãªã·ã¹ãã ã¯COBOLã§æ§ç¯ããããã®éçšä¿å®ã«ãCOBOLãæ¬ ãããŸããã
ããããªãããCOBOLã«ã€ããŠã®åœè©²çµéšè ã次第ã«æžã£ãŠããŠããããšã¯èª²é¡ãšãªã£ãŠããŸããè¿å¹Žãæ°ããªäººæè²æã®ããã®åãçµã¿ãé²ããããŠããŸãããååã«è£ããŠãããšã¯èšããŸããã
ãã®ãããçŸåããCOBOLã·ã¹ãã ãç¶æããããã«ã¯ãæ°ããCOBOLéçºè ã®è²æããä»ã®èšèªãšã®é£æºã匷åããéçºç°å¢ãæŽåããããšãæ±ããããŠããŸãã
2. COBOLã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãšã¯
COBOL ã©ã€ãã©ãªãšã¯ãCOBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã«ãããåå©çšå¯èœãªã³ã³ããŒãã³ããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®éåäœãæããŸãããããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®å¹çæ§ãšçç£æ§ãåäžãããã³ãŒãã®ç®¡çãšä¿å®ã容æã«ããã®ã«éåžžã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
ãããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ãäžè¬çã«ã¯ä»ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªããç¬ç«ãã圢ã§ååšããCOBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã«ç¹åããŠæ©èœãæäŸããŸããäž»ãªæ©èœãšããŠã¯ãæ°å€èšç®ãæååæäœãããŒã¿ã®äžæ¬åŠçãªã©ããããŸãã
ãã®èšäºã§ã¯ãCOBOLã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã«ã€ããŠæ·±ãæ¢ãããã®æŠå¿µãšæ矩ãç¹åŸŽãä»çµã¿ããããŠå©çšæ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãã
2.1 ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®æŠå¿µãšæ矩
ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®åºæ¬çãªæŠå¿µã¯ãåå©çšå¯èœãªã³ãŒãã®éãŸãã1ã€ã®ããã±ãŒãžãšããŠæäŸãããšãããã®ã§ããããã¯ãããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã«ãããå¹çæ§ãšç°¡æœæ§ã®ããŒãšãªã£ãŠããŸããè€éãªæ©èœãäžè¬çãªã¿ã¹ã¯ãåŠçããããã®ãã¬ãã«ãæ©èœãå«ãããããããã¯ããã°ã©ããŒãæ°ãã«åæ§ã®æ©èœãéçºããæéãšåŽåãå€§å¹ ã«ç¯çŽããŸãã
COBOLã©ã€ãã©ãªã®éèŠæ§ã¯ãäž»ã«COBOLãããžãã¹ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçºã«åºãçšããããŠãããšããèæ¯ã«ãããŸãããããã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ãã°ãã°é·æéã«ãããä¿å®ãããæ°ããªæ©èœã®è¿œå ãæ±ããããŸãããã®çµæãå¹çæ§ãšä¿å®æ§ã確ä¿ããããã«ã¯ãæ¢åã®ã³ãŒãã®åå©çšãå¿ èŠãšãªããŸãã
ããã«èšãã°ãCOBOLã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ããã°ã©ããŒãæ¢åã®ã³ãŒããç¥èãšããŠä¿æããæ°ããªåé¡è§£æ±ºã®ããã®ãœãªã¥ãŒã·ã§ã³ãæäŸãããœãŒã¹ãšããŠå©çšã§ããããšãå¯èœã«ããŸãã
2.2 COBOLã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®ç¹åŸŽ
COBOLã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ãã®èªå·±å®çµæ§ãšæ±çšæ§ã§ç¥ãããŠããŸããèªå·±å®çµæ§ãšã¯ãã©ã€ãã©ãªã®åæ©èœãç¬ç«ããŠæ©èœããä»ã®å€éšèŠçŽ ã«äŸåããªãããšãæå³ããŸãããã®ç¹æ§ã«ãããéçºè ã¯ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®å ·äœçãªå®è£ ã«ã€ããŠæ·±ãç解ããå¿ èŠãªãããã®æäŸããæ©èœãå©çšã§ããŸãã
ãŸããCOBOLã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯æ±çšæ§ãé«ããCOBOLã§éçºãããã©ã®çš®é¡ã®ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã䜿çšã§ããŸãããã®ããããããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯COBOLããã°ã©ããŒã«ãšã£ãŠæ¬ ãããªããªãœãŒã¹ãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
ãã®ä»ã®ç¹åŸŽãšããŠãCOBOLã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯é«ãå®å®æ§ãšä¿¡é Œæ§ããããŸãããã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ã¯ãCOBOLãããžãã¹ãšéèã®äžçã§åºãæ¡çšãããŠããçç±ã®äžã€ã§ããããŸãã
2.3 COBOLã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®ä»çµã¿
COBOLã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ãéåžžã¯è€æ°ã®é¢æ°ãŸãã¯ããã·ãŒãžã£ãå«ãã§ããŸãããããã®é¢æ°ãããã·ãŒãžã£ã¯ç¹å®ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ãéè¡ããããã«èšèšãããŠãããããã°ã©ããŒã¯ããããèªåã®ã³ãŒãã«çµã¿èŸŒãããšã§ãäžããéçºããå¿ èŠãªãå©çšã§ããŸãã
ãããã®é¢æ°ãšããã·ãŒãžã£ã¯ãéåžžãç¹å®ã®å ¥åãåŒæ°ãšããŠåãåããæåŸ ãã åºåãè¿ããŸãããã®ãããããã°ã©ããŒã¯é¢æ°ãŸãã¯ããã·ãŒãžã£ã®ä»çµã¿ãç解ããé©åãªå ¥åãæäŸããããšã§ãå¿ èŠãªçµæãåŸãããšãã§ããŸãã
ãŸããCOBOLã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãšããŠåžžã«èªã¿èŸŒãŸãããããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ããŒãæéãå€§å¹ ã«ççž®ãããŸããããã«ãããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãåäžããŸãã
2.4 COBOLã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®å©çšæ¹æ³
COBOLã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãå©çšããããã«ã¯ããŸãã©ã€ãã©ãªãã¡ã€ã«ãèªèº«ã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã«ã€ã³ã¯ã«ãŒãããå¿ èŠããããŸããããã«ã¯ãéåžžãCOBOLã®ãCOPYãåœä»€ã䜿çšããŸãã
ã©ã€ãã©ãªã«å«ãŸããç¹å®ã®é¢æ°ãŸãã¯ããã·ãŒãžã£ãåŒã³åºãã«ã¯ããã®ååãšå¿ èŠãªãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãæäŸããå¿ èŠããããŸããé¢æ°åãšãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ã¯ãé¢æ°ã宣èšãããŠããã©ã€ãã©ãªãã¡ã€ã«å ã§å®çŸ©ãããŠããŸãã
COBOLã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯éåžžã«å¹ççã«èšèšãããŠãããå€æ©èœãªããžãã¹ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãç°¡æœã«ãå¹çããéçºããããã®åŒ·åãªããŒã«ãšãªããŸãã
3. COBOLã®äž»èŠãªã©ã€ãã©ãª
3.1 ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®çš®é¡ãšæ©èœ
COBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã«ãããŠãã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ã³ãŒãã®åå©çšæ§ãšå¹çåãå®çŸããéèŠãªããŒã«ã§ããã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯å€§ããåããŠãæšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªãšå€éšã©ã€ãã©ãªã«åããããŸãã
æšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯COBOLç°å¢ã«ããã©ã«ãã§çµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããã©ã€ãã©ãªã§ãäžè¬çãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã«å¿ èŠãªåºæ¬çãªæ©èœãæäŸããŸããããšãã°ãæ°å€èšç®ãæååæäœãæ¥ä»ãšæå»ã®æäœãªã©ãæãäžè¬çãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã¿ã¹ã¯ããµããŒãããŸãã
äžæ¹ãå€éšã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ãæšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªã«ãªãç¹å®ã®æ©èœãæäŸãããã®ã§ããå€éšã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ãç¹å®ã®ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšã®æ¥ç¶ããç¹æ®ãªæ°å€èšç®ãé«åºŠãªããŒã¿æ§é ã®æäœãªã©ãç¹åããæ©èœãæäŸããŸãã
3.2 åã©ã€ãã©ãªã®ç¹æ§ãšçšé
COBOLã®å€ãã®æšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ãèšç®ãããŒã¿æäœãªã©åºæ¬çãªæ©èœãæäŸããŸããäŸãšããŠãSTRINGãšUNSTRINGã¯æååã®æäœãMOVEã¯å€æ°éã®ããŒã¿ç§»åãCOMPUTEã¯ç®è¡èšç®ããããããæ åœããŸãã
äžæ¹ãå€éšã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ãç¹åããçšéã®ããã«äœ¿çšãããŸããäŸãã°ãDB2ãOracleãšãã£ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšã®æ¥ç¶ãå¯èœã«ããã©ã€ãã©ãªããXMLãJSONãšãã£ãç¹å®ã®ããŒã¿åœ¢åŒã®è§£æããµããŒãããã©ã€ãã©ãªãªã©ãå©çšã§ããŸãã
ãããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã䜿çšããããšã«ãããCOBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã¯ããå¹ççã§å€æ©èœã«ãªããŸãã
3.3 ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®éžæåºæºãšæ³šæç¹
ã©ã€ãã©ãªãéžæããéã¯ããã®æ©èœãæ§èœãä¿¡é Œæ§ããããŠãããããããã°ã©ã ã®ããŒãºãªã©ãèæ ®ããå¿ èŠããããŸãããŸããã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹æ¡ä»¶ãéèŠãªéžæåºæºãšãªããŸããäžéšã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ããªãŒãŠã§ã¢ã§ãããåçšå©çšã«ã¯ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹è³Œå ¥ãå¿ é ã®ãã®ããããŸãã
ãŸããã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯éåžžãããã¥ã¡ã³ããŒã·ã§ã³ãšå ±ã«æäŸãããŸãããããèªã¿ãç解ããããšã¯æåè£ã«ã©ã€ãã©ãªã䜿çšããäžã§éèŠã§ãã
絶ããæ°ããã©ã€ãã©ãªãéçºãããŠãããæ¢åã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãã¢ããããŒããé »ç¹ã«è¡ãããŠãããããåžžã«ææ°ã®æ å ±ãåŸãããšãéèŠã§ãã
3.4 ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®å°å ¥ãšæŽ»çšäºäŸ
å€ãã®COBOLã©ã€ãã©ãªãŒã¯ãããŠã³ããŒãããŠäœ¿çšãã圢åŒã§ããããŠã³ããŒãåŸãCOBOLç°å¢ã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãè¡ããããã°ã©ã å ããåŒã³åºããŠäœ¿çšããŸãã
äŸãã°ãJSONããŒã¿ã®è§£æãè¡ãããã«JSON解æã©ã€ãã©ãªã䜿çšããå Žåãã©ã€ãã©ãªãããŠã³ããŒãããCOBOLç°å¢ã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãè¡ããŸãããã®åŸãããã°ã©ã å ãã該åœã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãåŒã³åºãããšã§ãJSONããŒã¿ã®è§£æã容æã«è¡ããŸãã
ããã«ããããœãããŠã§ã¢éçºè ã¯ç¹å¥ãªæ©èœãäžããéçºããæéãçããããŸããŸãªã¿ã¹ã¯ãããè¿ éã«ããããŠå¹ççã«å®è¡ããããšãã§ããŸãã
4. COBOLã®ããããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãª
COBOLããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã«åãçµãäžã§å¿ èŠãšãªãã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯æ°å€ãååšããŸããä»åã¯ããã®äžããç¹ã«æçšæ§ãé«ããšè©äŸ¡ãããŠããã©ã€ãã©ãªã玹ä»ããŸãã
ãããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯ãæ¢åã®COBOLãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒãã®å質ãé«ããããéçºå¹çãå€§å¹ ã«åäžãããããšãå¯èœã§ãããŸãæã«ã¯æ°ããªçºæ³ãåŒãåºãããã«ã±ã«ããªãã§ãããã
æ©éãå ·äœçãªããããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãšãã®çç±ãèŠãŠãããŸãããã
4.1 ããããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãšãã®çç±
COBOLUnitã¯ãèªååãã¹ããè¡ãããã®åŒ·åãªã©ã€ãã©ãªã§ããã®å質ãæ¹åããããã«ã¯æ¬ ãããŸããã
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4.2 ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®è©äŸ¡ãšæ¯èŒ
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4.3 ããããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã®å®è£ äŸ
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