1. COBOLã®ååšæ矩
ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®äžçã«ã¯ãæ°ããæè¡ããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã次ã ãšç»å ŽããŠããŸãããäžã§ãCOBOLã¯ç¹å¥ãªååšãšããŠèªãããããšãå€ãã§ãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãCOBOLãã©ã®ãããªèæ¯ã§èªçããã®ãããããŠçŸä»£ã«ãããCOBOLã®åœ¹å²ã«ã€ããŠæ·±æãããŠãããŸãã
1.1 COBOLãèªçããèæ¯
COBOLã¯ãCommon Business-Oriented Languageã®ç¥ã§ãããžãã¹åéã§ã®å©çšãç®çãšããŠ1960幎ã«éçºãããŸããããã®åã®éããããžãã¹ã®çŸå Žã§ã®å®éã®ããŒãºã«å¿ãããããå¯èªæ§ãéèŠããèšèšããããŠããŸããåœæã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã¯äž»ã«ç§åŠæè¡èšç®ãç®çãšããŠäœ¿çšãããŠããŸããããäŒæ¥ã®ããžãã¹åŠçã«ç¹åããèšèªã®éèŠãé«ãŸã£ãŠããŸããããã®ãããCOBOLã¯ãã®ã®ã£ãããåããååšãšããŠèªçããŸããã
1.2 çŸä»£ã«ãããCOBOLã®åœ¹å²
çŸä»£ã«ãããŠããCOBOLã¯å€ãã®äŒæ¥ã§å©çšããç¶ããŠããŸããç¹ã«éè¡ãä¿éºäŒç€Ÿãªã©ã倧èŠæš¡ãªããŒã¿ãåãæ±ãæ¥çã§ã®COBOLã®éèŠã¯éåžžã«é«ãã§ãããªããªããCOBOLã§æžãããã·ã¹ãã ã¯é«ãå®å®æ§ãæã¡ãé·å¹Žã®éçšã«èãããããšãå®èšŒãããŠããããã§ãããŸããå€ãã®äŒæ¥ãCOBOLã§ã®æ¢åã·ã¹ãã ãæã£ãŠããããããã®äºææ§ãç¶ç¶æ§ãä¿ã€ããã«ãCOBOLã®åœ¹å²ã¯æ¬ ãããŸãããçŸä»£ã®ãã¯ãããžãŒãæ¥éã«é²åããäžã§ãCOBOLã¯å€ããã¬äŸ¡å€ãæã¡ç¶ããŠããŸãã
2. COBOLã®åºæ¬çãªç¹æ§
å€ãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãããäžã§ãCOBOLã¯ç¬èªã®ç¹æ§ãæã£ãŠããŸããããžãã¹åéãäž»çŒã«ãããèšèªãšããŠã®ç¹è³ªããããŠäœå幎ãã®é·ãã«ããã£ãŠæããç¶ããçç±ãæ¢ãããã«ãCOBOLã®åºæ¬çãªç¹æ§ãçŽè§£ããŠã¿ãŸãããã
2.1 ããžãã¹åãèšèªãšããŠã®èšèšææ³
COBOLã®æãé åçãªç¹æ§ã®äžã€ã¯ãããžãã¹åãã«ç¹åããŠèšèšãããŠããç¹ã§ãããã®ååã瀺ãéããCommon Business-Oriented Languageã®ç¥ã§ãããåãããããžãã¹ã®çŸå Žã§ã®ããŒãºãæºããããã«éçºãããŸãããããã«ãããéèãä¿éºã補é æ¥ãªã©ãæ§ã ãªæ¥çã®æ¥ååŠçãå¹çããããã€å®å®ããŠãµããŒãããããšãå¯èœã«ãªããŸããã
2.2 èªã¿ããããšä¿å®æ§ã®é«ã
COBOLã®ããäžã€ã®å€§ããªç¹æ§ã¯ããã®èªã¿ããããšä¿å®æ§ã®é«ãã§ããCOBOLã¯è±èªã®ææ³ã«è¿ãæ§é ãæã£ãŠãããããã«ãã£ãŠéæè¡è ã§ãããã°ã©ã ã®å 容ãç解ãããããªã£ãŠããŸããä¿å®æ§ã®é«ãã¯ãé·æéã«ãããã·ã¹ãã ã®éçšãå€æŽãç°¡åã«ããã·ã¹ãã ã®ã©ã€ããµã€ã¯ã«ã延é·ããããšãã§ããŸãããã®ãããå€ãã®äŒæ¥ãCOBOLãéžæããé·å¹Žã«ããã£ãŠå©çšãç¶ããŠããŸãã
以äžã¯ãCOBOLã®ç¹æ§ãç°¡æœã«ç€ºãè¡šãšãªããŸãã
ç¹æ§ | 詳现 |
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ããžãã¹åãã®èšèš | æ¥ååŠçãå¹ççã«ãµããŒãããããã®èšèªèšèšã |
èªã¿ããã | è±èªã«è¿ãæ§é ã§éæè¡è ã«ãããããããã |
ä¿å®æ§ã®é«ã | é·æéã®éçšã»å€æŽã容æã§ãã·ã¹ãã ã®å¯¿åœã延ã°ãã |
3. COBOLã®åºæ¬æŠå¿µ
COBOLãæã€ç¬ç¹ãªç¹æ§ãããžãã¹åãã®èšèšææ³ãç解ãããšããã§ã次ã«COBOLã®åºæ¬çãªæŠå¿µãæãäžããŠãããŸããããã°ã©ã ã®åºæ¬æ§é ãããããŒã¿åããããŠåºæ¬çãªææ³ãŸã§ãCOBOLãç解ããããã®æ žå¿çãªèŠçŽ ãåŠã³ãŸãã
3.1 COBOLã®ããã°ã©ã æ§é
COBOLã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãäžé£ã®ãã£ããžã§ã³ãšåŒã°ããã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§æ§æãããŠããŸããIDENTIFICATION, ENVIRONMENT, DATA, ãã㊠PROCEDURE ãšãã£ããã£ããžã§ã³ãååšããããããã®ãã£ããžã§ã³ã¯ç¹å®ã®ã¿ã¹ã¯ãæ åœããŸããããã«ãããããã°ã©ã ã¯æŽç¶ãšãã圢ã§è¡šçŸãããèªã¿ããããåäžããŸãã
3.2 å€æ°ãšããŒã¿åã®ç解
COBOLã§ã¯ãããŒã¿ãæ±ãããã®å€æ°ãéåžžã«éèŠã§ããç¹ã«PICTUREå¥ã䜿çšããŠãå€æ°ã®åœ¢ãåãå®çŸ©ããããšãç¹åŸŽçã§ãããã®PICTUREå¥ã«ãããæåãæ°åãç¹æ®æåãçµã¿åãããŠãå€æ°ã®åœ¢åŒãèªç±ã«èšå®ã§ããŸãã
3.3 åºæ¬çãªææ³ãšåœä»€
COBOLã®ææ³ã¯ãä»ã®å€ãã®ããã°ã©ã èšèªãšæ¯ã¹ãŠãç¬ç¹ã§ããè±èªã«äŒŒãæ§æãæã¡ãMOVEãADDãMULTIPLYãšãã£ãåœä»€ã¯çŽæçã«ç解ã§ããã§ããããããã«ãããããã°ã©ã ã®èªè§£ãä¿å®ã容æã«ãªããŸãã
以äžã¯ãCOBOLã®åºæ¬æŠå¿µããŸãšããè¡šãšãªããŸãã
æŠå¿µ | 説æ |
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ãã£ããžã§ã³ | ããã°ã©ã ã®äž»èŠãªã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãæ©èœããšã«åå²ãããã |
PICTUREå¥ | å€æ°ã®åã圢ãå®çŸ©ããããã®å¥ã |
åºæ¬åœä»€ | ããã°ã©ã ã®åäœãå®çŸ©ããããã®åœä»€ã |
4. COBOLã§ã§ããããš: äž»èŠãªæ©èœ
COBOLã¯ãã®èªçããé·ãæãçµãŠãæ°å€ãã®ããžãã¹ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçºã«äœ¿çšãããŠããŸããããã®äžã§ãCOBOLãæã€äž»èŠãªæ©èœã匷ã¿ãæ·±å ããŠã¿ãããšã§ããã®èšèªã®ç䟡ãããç解ããããšãã§ããã§ãããã
4.1 ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšã®é£æº
COBOLã¯ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšã®é£æºãåŸæãªèšèªãšããŠç¥ãããŠããŸããå€ãã®åæ¥ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšã®çžäºäœçšã容æã«ããããã®å°çšã®æ§æãåœä»€ãååšããããã«ããããŒã¿ã®ååŸãæŽæ°ãåé€ãªã©ã®æäœãå¹çããè¡ãããšãã§ããŸããç¹ã«ãéå±€åããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšã®é£æºã«ãããŠã¯ãCOBOLã®èœåãæ倧éã«æŽ»ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
4.2 ããžãã¹ããžãã¯ã®å®è£
COBOLã¯ãããžãã¹ããã»ã¹ãèšç®ããžãã¯ãã³ãŒãåããããã®åŒ·åãªããŒã«ãæäŸããŸããäŸãã°ãè€éãªéèèšç®ã絊äžèšç®ãªã©ã®ããžãã¹ããžãã¯ãç°¡æœã«è¡šçŸããããšãå¯èœã§ãããŸããè±èªã«è¿ãææ³ã®ãããéæè¡è ã§ãããžãã¯ã®å 容ã確èªããããã®ãç¹é·ã§ãã
4.3 ã¬ããŒãçæã®èªåå
äŒæ¥ã®æ¥åã«ã¯ãæ¥åžžçã«å€æ°ã®ã¬ããŒãã®çæãé åžãæ±ããããŸããCOBOLã¯ããã®ãããªã¬ããŒãçæãèªååããããã®æ©èœãè±å¯ã«åããŠããŸããç¹å®ã®ãã©ãŒãããã«åºã¥ããŠããŒã¿ãåºåããæ©èœããéèšçµæãæŽåœ¢ããŠè¡šç€ºããæ©èœãªã©ãæ¥åã§ã®èŠæ±ãæè»ã«å¯Ÿå¿ã§ããããŒã«ãæäŸãããŠããŸãã
以äžã¯ãCOBOLã§å¯èœãªäž»èŠãªæ©èœããŸãšããè¡šãšãªããŸãã
æ©èœ | 詳现 |
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ã¬ããŒãçæã®èªåå | æ¥åã§ã®ã¬ããŒãèŠæ±ãèªåã§çæã»é åžã |
5. COBOLã®ããã°ã©ã äŸ
COBOLã®ç䟡ãç¥ãããã«ã¯ãå®éã®ããã°ã©ã äŸãéããŠããã®ææ³ã䜿ãæ¹ãç解ããããšãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããããã§ã¯ãCOBOLã®åºæ¬çãªææ³ãããµã³ãã«ããã°ã©ã ããã®èªã¿åãæ¹ãæžãæ¹ã«ã€ããŠæ·±å ãããŠãããŸãã
5.1 åºæ¬çãªææ³ã®çŽ¹ä»
COBOLã¯ãè±èªã©ã€ã¯ãªææ³ãæã€ããšã§ç¥ãããŠãããã³ãŒãã®æå³ãçŽæçã«èªã¿åãããšãå¯èœã§ããäŸãã°ãããŒã¿ã宣èšããéã«ã¯ãDATA DIVISIONããšããã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§å€æ°ã®åããµã€ãºãå®çŸ©ããŸãããŸããããã°ã©ã ã®ã¡ã€ã³ã®åŠçéšåã¯ãPROCEDURE DIVISIONãã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§èšè¿°ãããŸãã
5.2 ç°¡åãªãµã³ãã«ããã°ã©ã ã®çŽ¹ä»
以äžã¯ãCOBOLãçšããŠãHello, World!ããšããã¡ãã»ãŒãžãåºåããç°¡åãªããã°ã©ã ã§ãã
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. PROGRAM-ID. HelloWorld. DATA DIVISION. PROCEDURE DIVISION. DISPLAY 'Hello, World!'. STOP RUN.
ãã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãPROCEDURE DIVISIONã«ãããŠãDISPLAYããšããåœä»€ãçšããŠæååãåºåããŠããŸããã·ã³ãã«ãªãããCOBOLã®åºæ¬çãªæ§é ãç解ããã®ã«é©ããŠããŸãã
5.3 ãµã³ãã«ãéããCOBOLã®èªã¿æ¹ã»æžãæ¹
å ã»ã©ã®ãµã³ãã«ããã°ã©ã ãåèã«ãCOBOLã®ã³ãŒãã®èªã¿æ¹ã»æžãæ¹ã玹ä»ããŸãããŸããIDENTIFICATION DIVISIONã¯ããã°ã©ã ã®ã¡ã¿æ å ±ãèšè¿°ããéšåã§ãããã§ããã°ã©ã ã®ååãäœè ãªã©ã®æ å ±ãæå®ã§ããŸãã
次ã«ãDATA DIVISIONã§ã¯ããã°ã©ã ã§äœ¿çšããããŒã¿ã®å®£èšãè¡ããŸããä»åã®ãµã³ãã«ã§ã¯ç¹ã«ããŒã¿ã®å®£èšã¯è¡ã£ãŠããŸããããå®éã®ããžãã¹ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãã®éšåãéåžžã«éèŠãšãªããŸãã
æåŸã«ãPROCEDURE DIVISIONã¯ããã°ã©ã ã®äž»èŠãªåäœãå®çŸ©ããéšåã§ããå ·äœçãªèšç®ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®æäœãç»é¢è¡šç€ºãªã©ã®åŠçãããã«èšè¿°ãããŸãããµã³ãã«ããã°ã©ã ã§ã¯ãæååã衚瀺ããåœä»€ã䜿çšããŠããŸãããCOBOLã«ã¯å€ãã®åœä»€ãé¢æ°ãçšæãããŠãããããããçµã¿åãããããšã§è€éãªåŠçãå®çŸããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
6. COBOLã®é åçãªäœ¿çšäŸ
å€ãã®äººã ãæ°ããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãæè¡ã®ç»å Žã«æ³šç®ããŠããäžãCOBOLã¯ä»ã§ãå€ãã®æ¥çã§åºã掻çšãããŠããŸããããã¯ãCOBOLãæã€ç¬ç¹ã®ç¹æ§ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãé«ãããã§ãã以äžã§ã¯ãCOBOLãã©ã®ãããªã·ãŒã³ã§æŽ»èºããŠããã®ããããã€ãã®å ·äœçãªäœ¿çšäŸã玹ä»ããŸãã
6.1 éè¡ã®ååŒã·ã¹ãã ãšããŠã®æŽ»çš
éè¡ã®ååŒã·ã¹ãã ã¯ã倧éã®ååŒæ å ±ãè¿ éãã€æ£ç¢ºã«åŠçããããšãæ±ããããŸããCOBOLã¯ãã®ãããªé«ãèŠæ±ãæºããããã«é·å¹Žã«ããã䜿çšãããŠããŸãããç¹ã«ããããåŠçã®èœåãé·æéã®é£ç¶çšŒåã«å¯Ÿããé«ãä¿¡é Œæ§ããéè¡æ¥çã§ã®COBOLã®äœ¿çšãåŸæŒãããŠããŸãã
6.2 å ¬å ±ã€ã³ãã©ã®ç®¡çã»ç£èŠã·ã¹ãã
å ¬å ±ã€ã³ãã©ã®ç®¡çãç£èŠã¯ãå®å šæ§ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãéåžžã«éèŠã§ããé»åäŸçµŠã亀é管çãªã©ã®ã·ã¹ãã ã§ãCOBOLã¯ãã®ç¢ºå®æ§ã掻ãããŠå¹ åºã䜿çšãããŠããŸãããããã®ã·ã¹ãã ã§ã¯ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã åŠçãæ±ããããå Žé¢ãå€ããCOBOLã®é«ãåŠçèœåãããããµããŒãããŠããŸãã
6.3 ä¿éºãå¥åº·èšºæã®ããŒã¿åæ
ä¿éºæ¥çãå»çæ¥çã§ã¯ã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãåæããæé©ãªãµãŒãã¹æäŸã蚺æçµæã®å°åºãè¡ãããšãæ±ããããŸããCOBOLã¯ããã®ãããªããã°ããŒã¿ã®åŠçã«ã察å¿ã§ãããããããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšé£æºããŠãå¹ççãªããŒã¿åæãè¡ãããã«å©çšãããŠããŸãã
ãããã®å Žé¢ã«ãããŠããCOBOLã®æã€ç¢ºããªæ§èœãä¿¡é Œæ§ããå€ãã®æ¥çã§ã®äœ¿çšãæ¯ããŠããŸãããããã®å ·äœçãªäœ¿çšäŸãéããŠãCOBOLãçŸä»£ã®ããžãã¹ã瀟äŒã€ã³ãã©ã«ãããŠããªããŠã¯ãªããªãååšã§ããããšãç解ã§ããã§ãããã
7. COBOLã®éçºç°å¢
COBOLã®éçºãå¹æçã«é²ããããã«ã¯ãé©åãªéçºç°å¢ã®èšå®ãæ¬ ãããŸãããçŸä»£ã®æè¡ç°å¢ã«ãããŠããCOBOLéçºè ã«ã¯å€ãã®ããŒã«ããªãœãŒã¹ãæäŸãããŠããŸããããã§ã¯ãCOBOLã®éçºç°å¢ã«ã€ããŠã®åºæ¬æ å ±ãšããŠãå©çšå¯èœãªIDEãããŒã«ãããã«ã¯ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãšå®è¡ã®æ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãã
7.1 å©çšå¯èœãªIDEãšããŒã«
çŸä»£ã®COBOLéçºè ã¯ãå€ãã®çµ±åéçºç°å¢(IDE)ããµããŒãããŒã«ãå©çšããããšãã§ããŸããäŸãšããŠãVisual COBOLãEclipseã«ã¯COBOLçšã®ãã©ã°ã€ã³ãååšããã·ã³ã¿ãã¯ã¹ãã€ã©ã€ããã³ãŒãè£å®ãªã©ã®æ©èœãæäŸããŠããŸãããããã®ããŒã«ã¯ãã³ãŒãã®å質ãåäžãããããã®æ§ã ãªæ©èœãšå ±ã«ãéçºã®å¹çåããµããŒãããŸãã
ãŸããããŒãžã§ã³ç®¡çã®ããã®Gitããé£ç¶çã€ã³ãã°ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ããµããŒãããJenkinsãšãã£ãããŒã«ãCOBOLã®éçºç°å¢ã«åãå ¥ããããŠããŸããããã«ãããã¢ãã³ãªéçºææ³ãã¯ãŒã¯ãããŒãCOBOLãããžã§ã¯ãã«å°å ¥ããããšãã§ããŸãã
7.2 COBOLã®ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãšå®è¡
COBOLã®ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒããæžãçµãããã次ã®ã¹ããããšããŠãã®ã³ãŒããã³ã³ãã€ã«ããå¿ èŠããããŸãããã®ã³ã³ãã€ã«ã®éçšã§ããœãŒã¹ã³ãŒãã¯æ©æ¢°èªã«å€æãããå®è¡å¯èœãªããã°ã©ã ãšãªããŸããå€ãã®COBOLã³ã³ãã€ã©ã¯ã³ãã³ãã©ã€ã³ããŒã«ãšããŠæäŸãããŠãããç°¡åãªã³ãã³ãäžã€ã§ãœãŒã¹ã³ãŒãã®ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãšå®è¡ãè¡ãããšãã§ããŸãã
ã³ã³ãã€ã«åŸã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãå®è¡ç°å¢äžã§åäœããŸãããã®å®è¡ç°å¢ã¯OSãããŒããŠã§ã¢ã«äŸåãããããéçºè ã¯ã¿ãŒã²ãããšãªãç°å¢ã«åãããèšå®ãæé©åãè¡ãå¿ èŠããããŸãããã®ç¹ããCOBOLéçºã«ãããŠæ³šæãå¿ èŠãªéšåãšãªããŸãã
以äžã®å 容ãèžãŸããŠãCOBOLã®éçºç°å¢ã¯å€å žçãªèšèªã§ãããªãããçŸä»£ã®ããŒã«ããã¯ãããžãŒãšååã«é£æºããŠããŸããããã«ãããCOBOLããã°ã©ãã¯å¹ççãã€ææ°ã®éçºææ³ãåãå ¥ãããããžã§ã¯ããé²ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
8. COBOLãåŠã¶ããã®ã¹ããã
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