1. Dartãšã¯? åºæ¬çãªç¹æ§
Dartãšã¯ãã°ãŒã°ã«ç€Ÿãéçºããé©æ°çãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããããã§ã¯ãDartã®èµ·æºããã®èšèªç¹æ§ãä»ã®èšèªãšã®æ¯èŒããããŠDartãéžã¶ããã®çç±ãé 次ã«è§£èª¬ããŸãã
1.1 Dartã®æŽå²ãšéçºè
Dartã¯ã°ãŒã°ã«ç€Ÿã«ãã£ãŠ2011幎ã«å ¬éãããŸãããJavaScriptãšæ·±ãé¢ããããããJavaScriptã«ä»£ããæ°ããªWebèšèªãšããŠèªçããŸããããã®æ§èœãšç¬èªæ§ãè©äŸ¡ãããå€ãã®éçºè ã«æãããŠããŸãã
ãŸãããã®éçºè ã§ããã°ãŒã°ã«ã¯åžžã«ææ°æè¡ã«æŽå¯ããããããåµé çã«çµã³ã€ããããšã§ãé©æ°çãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããDartãçã¿åºããŸãããDartã®èªçã¯ãã°ãŒã°ã«ãæè¡é©æ°ãšããæ°ããªåéã«ææŠããçµæãšèšã£ãŠãéèšã§ã¯ãããŸããã
1.2 Dartã®èšèªç¹æ§
Dartã¯ããªããžã§ã¯ãæåããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã匷åã«ãµããŒãããJavaScriptãããåªããããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãæäŸããŸãã ãŸããéçºè ãéçºãããããããªåªããã»ãã¥ãªãã£æ§èœãæã€ããšãããä¿¡é Œæ§ã®é«ãã·ã¹ãã éçºãå¯èœãªèšèªãšããŠè©äŸ¡ãããŠããŸãã
ããã«ãDartã®å¥¥æ·±ãç¹æ§ãšããŠã¯ãã¢ãã€ã«ã¢ããªéçºåãã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãFlutterãã䜿çšããããšã§ãiOSãšAndroidã®äž¡æ¹ã®ã¹ããã¢ããªéçºãå¹ççã«äžã€ã®ã³ãŒãã§å®çŸã§ãããšããç¹ãæããããŸãã
1.3 Dartãšä»ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšã®æ¯èŒ
Dartã¯ãJavaãPythonãJavaScriptãªã©ã®ä»ã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªãšæ¯ã¹ãŠãããã®éçºã§ããåéã«ãããŠåªããæ§èœãçºæ®ããŸããç¹ã«ãWebã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã ãã§ãªããã¢ãã€ã«ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãéçºã§ããç¹ãç¹çãã¹ãç¹æ§ãšãããã§ãããã
ãŸããJavaãªã©ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãåªããŠããã倧èŠæš¡ãªãããžã§ã¯ãã§ãé©çšå¯èœãªãããå€çš®å€æ§ãªçšéã«çšããããšãã§ããŸãã
1.4 Dartãéžã¶çç±
Dartãéžã¶çç±ãšããŠæã倧ããã®ã¯ãGoogleãæšå¥šããŠããèšèªã§ããããšãæããããŸããGoogleèªèº«ãéçºããèšèªã§ãããããGoogleé¢é£ã®éçºã«ãããŠã¯Dartã®å©çšãåªå ãããåŸåããããŸãã
ãŸããäžè¿°ããããã«ãFlutterãšãã人æ°ã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãçšããã¢ãã€ã«ã¢ããªéçºãè¡ãéã«ã¯ãDartã¯ã»ãŒå¿ é ãšãããã§ãããããããã®ç¹ãããDartã®åŠç¿ã¯ãçŸä»£ã®ã·ã¹ãã éçºç°å¢ã§éåžžã«æçãšãããŸãã
2. Dartã§å¯èœãªããš – ã¹ããã¢ããªéçº
Dartã¯ãã¹ããŒããã©ã³ã¢ããªéçºã«ãããŠæ¥µããŠå®çšçãªããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ããç¹ã«Googleãæšå¥šãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®Flutterãšçµã¿åãããããšã§ããã®ç䟡ãçºæ®ããŸãã
2.1 Flutter: Dartã®ããŒãããŒ
DartãšFlutterã¯ãäºãã«éåžžã«çžæ§ã®è¯ãçµã¿åããã§ããFlutterã¯Googleãéçºããç©æ¥µçã«æšå¥šããŠããã¢ãã€ã«ã¢ããªéçºãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ããFlutterã䜿çšãããšãäžåºŠã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã§iOSããã€ã¹ãšAndroidããã€ã¹ã®äž¡æ¹ããµããŒãããã¯ãã¹ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã®ã¢ããªãéçºããããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸãã
ãŸããFlutterã¯ãµãŒããµã€ãéçºã«ã察å¿ããŠãããDartã®äž»èŠãªäœ¿çšäŸã®äžã€ã§ããDartã®ã·ã³ã¿ãã¯ã¹ãšé«ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã¯Flutterã«ãšã£ãŠå€§ããªé åãšãªã£ãŠããŸãã
2.2 Flutterã䜿ã£ãiOS/Androidã¢ããªéçº
DartãšFlutterã®çµã¿åããã«ããã¹ããã¢ããªã®éçºã«ã¯ãå€ãã®ã¡ãªããããããŸãããŸããäžåºŠã®ã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã§iOSãšAndroidã®äž¡æ¹ã®ã¢ããªãéçºã§ãããããéçºæéãå€§å¹ ã«ççž®ã§ããŸãã
ãŸããFlutterã¯éåžžã«å¹ççã§åŒ·åãªãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ãããUIã®æ§ç¯ããå éšåŠçãŸã§ãäžè²«ããŠææããããšãã§ããŸãã
2.3 DartãšFlutterã®éçºç°å¢
DartãšFlutterã®éçºç°å¢ã¯ãé©åãªãšãã£ã¿ãšå ±ã«ã»ããã¢ããã§ããŸãã代衚çãªãšãã£ã¿ã«ã¯ãVisual Studio CodeãIntelliJ IDEAããããŸãã
ãããã®ãšãã£ã¿ã¯è±å¯ãªæ©èœãšãŠãŒã¶ãŒãã¬ã³ããªãŒãªã€ã³ã¿ãŒãã§ãŒã¹ãåããŠãããåå¿è ã§ã容æã«ç¿çã§ããŸãã
2.4 ã¹ããã¢ããªéçºã§ã®Dartã®ã¡ãªãã
ã¹ããŒããã©ã³ã¢ããªéçºã«ãããDartã®ã¡ãªããã¯å€å²ã«ããããŸãããŸããäžã€ã®ã³ãŒãããŒã¹ã§äž¡æ¹ã®ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ïŒiOSãšAndroidïŒåãã®ã¢ããªãäœæã§ããç¹ãæããããŸããããã«ãããã¢ããªã®æŽæ°æã«ããäž¡æ¹ã®ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã§åäžãªäœéšãæäŸããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
ãŸããDartã¯åŠç¿ã³ã¹ããäœããJavaScriptãJavaãšãã£ãäžè¬çãªèšèªãšäŒŒãã·ã³ã¿ãã¯ã¹ãæã£ãŠãããããæ°ããèšèªãåŠã¶éã®éå£ãäœãããŠããŸãã
ããã«ãDartãšFlutterã¯ã©ã¡ããGoogleãéçºã»ä¿å®ããŠãããããæè¡çãªæ¯æŽãéåžžã«åŒ·åã§ãå®å®ããéçºãå¯èœã§ãã
3. Dartã§å¯èœãªããš – Webã¢ããªéçº
Dartã¯GoogleãéçºãããJavaScriptã®ä»£æ¿èšèªãšããŠäœçœ®ã¥ããããŠããŸãããã®åªããç¹æ§ãšæ§èœã«ãã£ãŠãWebã¢ããªéçºã§ããã®å¯èœæ§ãçºæ®ããŸããGoogleèªèº«ãå«ããå€ãã®äŒæ¥ãDartã掻çšããå¹ççã§å®å šãªWebã¢ããªãéçºããŠããŸãã
3.1 Dartã䜿ã£ãWebã¢ããªéçºã®å©ç¹
Dartã®æ倧ã®å©ç¹ã¯ãã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã§ããDartã¯JavaScriptãããåªããæ§èœãçºæ®ããŸããããã«ãããWebã¢ããªã¯ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®ãã©ãŠã¶ã«è¿ éã«è¡šç€ºã§ããåªãããŠãŒã¶ãŒãšã¯ã¹ããªãšã³ã¹ãæäŸå¯èœãšãªããŸãã
ãŸããDartã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèªã§ããã倧èŠæš¡ãããžã§ã¯ãã«é©ããŠããŸããããã¯ãããŒã ã®å€§ããªãããžã§ã¯ãã§ååããŠäœæ¥ãè¡ãéã«éèŠãªå©ç¹ãšãªããŸãã
ããã«ãDartã¯ã»ãã¥ãªãã£æ§èœãé«ãèšèªã§ãããå®å šãªã·ã¹ãã éçºãå¯èœã§ããããã¯ãããŒã¿ãå®å šã«ç®¡çãããŠãŒã¶ãŒã®ãã©ã€ãã·ãŒãå®ãããšã«éåžžã«éèŠã§ãã
3.2 Dartã§ã®Webã¢ããªéçºã®æµã
ãŸããDart SDKãã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããŸããããã«ã¯Dartã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ãã©ã€ãã©ãªãããã±ãŒãžç®¡çããŒã«ã§ããpubããããŠDartã®ã³ãŒããJavaScriptã«ã³ã³ãã€ã«ããããã®ããŒã«ãå«ãŸããŠããŸãã
次ã«ãéçºç°å¢ãèšå®ããŸããå€ãã®IDEïŒçµ±åéçºç°å¢ïŒããšãã£ã¿ãDartããµããŒãããŠããŸããäŸãã°ãVisual Studio CodeãIntelliJ IDEAãªã©ããããŸãã
åºæ¬çãªèšå®ãå®äºããããDartã®æ§æãåŠã³ãå ·äœçãªéçºãéå§ããŸããWebã¢ããªã®èšèšãããã³ããšã³ããšããã¯ãšã³ãã®éçºããã¹ãããããŠãããã€ãšãã£ãäžé£ã®éçºãããŒãçµéšããŸãã
3.3 Dartã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšã©ã€ãã©ãª
Dartã®ãšã³ã·ã¹ãã ã«ã¯ãWebã¢ããªéçºã容æã«ããå€ãã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšã©ã€ãã©ãªãååšããŸãã
ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®äžã§ãæåãªã®ã¯ãAngularDartã§ããããã¯Googleãéçºãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ãGoogle AdWordsãªã©ã®Googleã®éèŠãªãµãŒãã¹ã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸãã
ãŸããéåæåŠçãJSON解æãHTMLãšã¹ã±ãŒããªã©ã®æ©èœãæäŸããã©ã€ãã©ãªãå å®ããŠããŸãããããã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªã掻çšããããšã§ãããå¹ççã«Webã¢ããªãéçºããããšãã§ããŸãã
3.4 Webã¢ããªéçºã§ã®Dartã®ã¡ãªãã
Dartã«ã¯Webã¢ããªéçºã«ãããããã€ãã®ã¡ãªããããããŸãããã®ã²ãšã€ã¯ãGoogleãšã®è¯å¥œãªèŠªåæ§ãšåºç¯ãªãµããŒãã§ããGoogleã¯Dartãç©æ¥µçã«ãµããŒãããŠãããå®å®ããéçºãå¯èœã§ãã
ãŸããé«ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãšå®å šæ§ãæã¡åãããŠããããããŠãŒã¶ãŒã«é«å質ãªWebã¢ããªäœéšãæäŸããããšãã§ããŸãã
ããã«ãDartã¯ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããµã€ããšãµãŒããŒãµã€ãã®äž¡æ¹ã§äœ¿çšå¯èœã§ãããããå šã¹ã¿ãã¯ã®éçºèšèªãšããŠå©çšããããšãå¯èœã§ããããã¯ãéçºè ã«ãšã£ãŠå€§ããªå©ç¹ãšãªããéçºå¹çãå€§å¹ ã«åäžãããŸãã
4. Dartã®å¶éãšåŒ±ç¹
Dartã¯éåžžã«åªããèšèªã§ããäžæ¹ãããã€ã課é¡ãååšããŸããç¥èãšæ å ±ã®éãäžéšã®æ©èœãžã®å¯Ÿå¿ãã³ãã¥ããã£ã®çºå±ãªã©ããã®äžéšã§ãã以äžã§ãããã詳ããæãäžããŠãããŸãã
4.1 Dartã«ããã課é¡
ãŸããDartã®æ倧ã®èª²é¡ã¯æ¥æ¬åœå ã®æ å ±ãå°ãªãããšã§ããããã¯æ°ããèšèªã®äžè¬çãªåé¡ã§ãããå éšæ å ±ãåŸãããã«ã¯è±èªè³æã«äŸåããããšã«ãªããŸãã
次ã«ãäžéšã®éçºè ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ãDartããŸã çºå±éäžã§ãããšæããããããšã§ããå®çšã¬ãã«ã®ã©ã€ãã©ãªãéçºè ã³ãã¥ããã£ãå å®ããŠããªãããã§ãã
4.2 Dartã®éçºã³ãã¥ããã£ãšã©ã€ãã©ãª
Dartã®éçºã³ãã¥ããã£ã¯æ¥éã«æ¡å€§ããŠããŸããããŸã ååã«ã¯çºå±ãåã£ãŠããŸãããç¹ã«ããã±ãŒãžãã©ã€ãã©ãªãå å®ããŠããªããšãã課é¡ããããŸãã
ãã®ç¹ã¯ãDartããŸã çºå±éäžã®èšèªã§ããããšã«èµ·å ããŸãããããããã®ç¶æ³ã¯æéãšãšãã«æ¹åãããã§ãããã
4.3 Dartã§ã§ããªãããš
ãŸããDartã«ã¯OSç¬èªã®æ©èœã«å¯Ÿå¿ããå Žåãåå¥ã«éçºããå¿ èŠããããšãã課é¡ããããŸããããã¯ãFlutterãæäŸããæœè±¡åã¬ã€ã€ãŒãè¶ ããéšåã§å¿ èŠãšãªããŸãã
ãããã£ãŠãiOSãšAndroidã®OSç¬èªã®æ©èœãå©çšãããå Žåãããããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã³ãŒããæžãå¿ èŠãããã®ã§ãã
4.4 Dartã®æªæ¥
Dartã¯ãŸã æ°ããèšèªã§ãããæ¹åããäœå°ãå€ãã§ãããã®äžæ¹ã§éåžžã«æããæªæ¥ãåŸ ã£ãŠããŸããç¹ã«ãFlutterãšé£æºããŠäœ¿çšãã芳ç¹ã§ã®éèŠã¯é«ãŸã£ãŠããŸãã
ãã®ãããçŸå®çãªæåŸ ãšããŠã¯ãDartã®ã³ãã¥ããã£ã¯æ¡å€§ãç¶ããã©ã€ãã©ãªã¯å å®ãããããŠDartèªäœãæçããèšèªãšãªãã§ãããã
5. Dartãšã³ãžãã¢ã®éèŠãšåžå Žèæ¯
ããããã®ãšã³ãžãã¢åžå Žã§æ³šç®ã济ã³ãŠããã®ããDartãã«ããéçºã§ããDartãšã³ãžãã¢ã¯ããã®é«éæ§ãå¯èªæ§ããããŠãã¬ãã·ããªãã£ã掻ãããŠãé©æ°çãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãèšèšããå¶äœããŸããéçºãšã³ã·ã¹ãã ã®äžã§ããDartãšã³ãžãã¢ã®éèŠã¯çå®ã«å¢ããŠããã®ã§ãã
ãŸããDartã䜿çšããäž»èŠãªãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãFlutterãã泚ç®ãéããŠããããšããããDartãšã³ãžãã¢ã®éèŠã¯ä»åŸããã«äŒžã³ãã§ãããã
ããã§ã¯ãã®ç« ã§ã¯ãDartãšã³ãžãã¢ã®åžå Žèæ¯ãæ±ããããã¹ãã«ãè·åå 容ã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸãã
5.1 ã¹ããã¢ããªéçºåžå ŽãšDart
Dartã®äž»èŠãªå©çšå Žé¢ã¯ã¹ããã¢ããªã®éçºã§ããFlutterã䜿çšããããšã§äžåºŠã®éçºã§iOSãšAndroidã®äž¡æ¹ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã¢ããªãå¹ççã«äœãããšãå¯èœã§ãã
ããã«ãããäŒæ¥åŽãéçºæéãã³ã¹ããå€§å¹ ã«æããããšãã§ããçµæãšããŠDartãšã³ãžãã¢ã®éèŠãé«ãŸã£ãŠããŸãã
ãŸããDartã¯ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèªã§ããããã倧èŠæš¡ã§è€éãªãããžã§ã¯ãã«ãããŠãéçºã容æã§ãããããããªãéèŠå¢å ã«ã€ãªãã£ãŠããŸãã
5.2 ã°ããŒãã«ãªDartãšã³ãžãã¢ã®åå
åœå ã ãã§ã¯ãªããã°ããŒãã«ãªèŠç¹ã§ãDartãšã³ãžãã¢ã®éèŠã¯æ¡å€§ããŠããŸããç¹ã«GoogleãDartãç©æ¥µçã«æšé²ããŠããããšãããæµ·å€ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã倧æäŒæ¥ã§ã®æ¡çšãå¢ããŠããŸãã
ãã®ãããDartãã¹ãã«ã»ããã«æã€ããšã¯ãåœéçãªå°±è·ã転è·åžå Žã§ãæå©ãšãªãåŸãŸãã
ãŸããDartã®ã³ãã¥ããã£ã¯æŽ»çºã§ãããæ§ã ãªæ å ±äº€æãåŠç¿ã®å ŽãååšããŠããŸããããèªå·±ã¹ãã«ã®åäžã«ã圹ç«ã€ã§ãããã
5.3 Dartãšã³ãžãã¢ã®ä»äºå 容ãšæ±ããããã¹ãã«
Dartãšã³ãžãã¢ã®äž»ãªä»äºå 容ã¯ãDartã䜿ã£ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®èšèšãšéçºã§ããããã«ã¯ãèŠä»¶å®çŸ©ããèšèšãå®è£ ããã¹ãããããã°ããªãªãŒã¹ãšãã£ãäžé£ã®ãããŒãå«ãŸããŸãã
æ±ããããã¹ãã«ãšããŠã¯ããã¡ããDartã«ããéçºèœåãåºæ¬ãšãªããŸãããããã ãã§ã¯ãªããªããžã§ã¯ãæåã®ç解ããFlutterãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®äœ¿ãæ¹ãUI/UXã®ç¥èçãèŠæ±ãããããšãå€ãã§ãã
ãŸããããŒã ã§éçºãè¡ãããšãå€ããããã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³èœåãããŒã ãã«ãã£ã³ã°ã®ã¹ãã«ãéèŠãšèšããã§ãããã
5.4 Dartãšã³ãžãã¢ã«åããŠãã人
Dartãšã³ãžãã¢ã«åããŠãã人ãšããŠã¯ãæ°ããæè¡ãåŠã³ãããšãã匷ãæ欲ãæã€æ¹ããå¹ççã«ã¹ããã¢ããªãéçºããããšèããŠããæ¹ãæããããŸãã
ãŸããDartã¯JavaScriptã®åé¡ç¹ã解決ããèšèªã§ããããªããžã§ã¯ãæåãæããŠããããããªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèªã«èå³ãããæ¹ããŸãã¯JavaScriptããã¹ãããã¢ãããããæ¹ã«ãããããã§ãã
äžæ¹ãæµ·å€ã®ææ°æè¡ãã¬ã³ãã«ææã§ãã°ããŒãã«ãªèŠéãæã¡ãããšããæ¹ã«ããDartãšã³ãžãã¢ã¯ããã¿ãªã®ãã£ãªã¢ãšãªãã§ãããã
6. Dartã®åŠç¿æ¹æ³ãšãªãœãŒã¹
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