1. Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®æŠèŠ
ããã§ã¯ãéçºèšèªã®äžçš®ã§ããErlangãããããçšããéçºãå©ãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã«ã€ããŠããŸããã®åœ¹å²ã«ã€ããŠçŽè§£ããŠãããŸãã
1.1 éçºèšèªErlangãšã¯
ãŸãåãã«ãErlangãšã¯äœãã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸããErlangã¯ã1990幎代åé ã«ã¹ãŠã§ãŒãã³ã®éä¿¡æ©åšè£œé äŒæ¥ãšãªã¯ãœã³ã§éçºãããããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã®äžã€ã§ããã®ç¹æ§ããäž»ã«éä¿¡ãåæ£ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããã«ãã¿ã¹ã¯ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã·ã¹ãã çã®éçºã«çšããããŸãã
1.2 ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšã¯
次ã«ãäžè¬çãªãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®èª¬æãããŸãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšã¯ãäžèšã§èšãã°ãœãããŠã§ã¢éçºãåæ»ã«è¡ãããã®æ çµã¿ã®ããšãæããŸãããã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã«ãã£ãŠãéçºè ã¯æéãç¯çŽãããšã©ãŒãæžããããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸããããã¯ããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãéçºã®åºæ¬çãªéªšçµã¿ãæäŸããŠãããããã§ãããã«éçºè ãå ·äœçãªæ©èœãçµã¿èŸŒãããšã§ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãæ§ç¯ããŸãã
1.3 Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®åœ¹å²
ãããŠãæåŸã«Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®åœ¹å²ã«ã€ããŠèŠãŠãããŸããããErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãErlangãšããèšèªã®ç¹æ§ã掻ããã€ã€ããã®éçºãå©ããããã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ããErlangãšããèšèªã®ç¹æ§ãæ倧éåŒãåºãããã®ç¹æ§ã掻ãããçµã¿èŸŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ãåæ£ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºãå©ããããã«èšèšãããŠããŸãããŸãErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãåžžã«é«å¯çšæ§ãä¿ã€ããšãç®æãéèŠãªåçšã·ã¹ãã ããããŠã³ã¿ã€ã ãèš±ããªãã·ã¹ãã ã«å¯ŸããŠã匷åãªãµããŒããæäŸããŸãã
2. Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®ç¹åŸŽ
åçš®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã«ã¯ããããåæ§ããããŸãããããã§ã¯Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®ç¹åŸŽã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã解説ããŸããErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãæã€ç¹ç°ãªç¹æ§ã¯ãã®ã·ã¹ãã éçºã«å€§ãã«åœ¹ç«ã€ããšã§ãããã
2.1 é«å¯çšæ§ãšèé害æ§
ãšã³ã¿ãŒãã©ã€ãºã¬ãã«ã®ã·ã¹ãã ã«ãšã£ãŠãé«å¯çšæ§ãšèé害æ§ã¯ãã®éçšã«ãããŠæãéèŠãªèŠçŽ ãšèšããŸããErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ããããæ©èœã«ç¹åããèšèšããªãããŠããŸããé害ãçºçããŠãã·ã¹ãã ãããŠã³ããããšãªãããŸãã¯æå°éã®ããŠã³ã¿ã€ã ã§åŸ©æ§å¯èœã§ããããã«ãããäŒæ¥ã¯ãã®ããžãã¹ãåæ»ãããããšãªããå®å¿ããŠã·ã¹ãã ã®éçšãç¶ããããšãã§ããŸãã
2.2 å®è¡å¹çã®é«ã
åŠçæ§èœã«å¯ŸããèŠæ±ãé«ãã·ã¹ãã éçºãæ ãErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ããã®å®è¡å¹çã®é«ãã§æ³šç®ãããŠããŸãããã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãçšããã°ã倧èŠæš¡ãªããŒã¿ãé«éã«åŠçããããšãã§ããŸãã
2.3 ç°¡æãªäžŠååŠç
䞊ååŠçã¯ãåæå€çºçã«ã¿ã¹ã¯ãå®è¡ããããšã§ãå šäœã®åŠçé床ãåäžãããæ¹æ³ã§ããããããå€ãã®ããã°ã©ãã³ã°èšèªã§ã¯äžŠååŠçã®å®è£ ãè€éã§ãã£ãããããã«äŒŽãåé¡ãçºçãããããšããåé¡ããããŸããããããErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ã¯ãã®äžŠååŠçã容æã«å®çŸããããšãã§ããŸããããã«ãããæéããããã«æ§èœã®åäžãå³ãããšãå¯èœã§ãã
2.4 ãªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã·ã¹ãã 察å¿
Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã·ã¹ãã ã«ã察å¿ããŠããããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã§å€åããããŒã¿ãè¿ éã«åŠçããçµæãåºåããããšãå¯èœã§ããããã«ãããçããŒã¿ã®ã¹ããªãŒã ãé«éã«åŠçãããŠãŒã¶ãŒã«å³æçãªæ å ±æäŸãè¡ããããªã·ã¹ãã ãéçºããããšãã§ããŸãã
3. Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®äœ¿ãæ¹
Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãæå¹ã«æŽ»çšããããã«ã¯ããŸããã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æ¹æ³ããåŠã³å§ããŸãããã次ã«ãåºæ¬çãªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãšãäœæããã³ãŒãã®åäœã確èªãããã¹ãæ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŸãã
3.1 ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æ¹æ³
Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã¯éåžžã«ç°¡åã§ããå€ãã®OSã§å©çšå¯èœã§ãç¹ã«LinuxãMacOSã§ã¯ããã±ãŒãžãããŒãžã£ãéããŠç°¡åã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ã§ããŸããWindowsãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®å Žåã¯ãå ¬åŒãµã€ãããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã©ãããŠã³ããŒãããæ瀺ã«åŸã£ãŠé²ãã°OKã§ããã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ãå®äºããããã¿ãŒããã«ãéã㊠erl ãšæã¡èŸŒã¿ãErlangã·ã§ã«ãèµ·åããããšã確èªããŸãããã
3.2 åºæ¬çãªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°
次ã«ãErlangãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãçšããåºæ¬çãªã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°æ¹æ³ã«è§ŠããããšæããŸããErlangã¯é¢æ°åèšèªã§ãããä»ãŸã§ã¯ã©ã¹ããŒã¹ã®ãªããžã§ã¯ãæåèšèªã«æ £ããŠããæ¹ã«ã¯å°ãéåæãæãããããããŸããããäžæŠãããå¿ãããŸãã¯æ°ããèãæ¹ã«æ°è»œã«ææŠããŠã¿ãŸãããã
-module(helloworld). -export([start/0]). start() -> io:fwrite("Hello, Worldn").
äžèšã¯Erlangãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§æãã·ã³ãã«ãª “Hello, World” ããã°ã©ã ã®äŸã§ãã-module(helloworld). ã¯ãã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã helloworld ãšããååã§ããããšã宣èšããŠããŸãã-export([start/0]). 㯠start() é¢æ°ãã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã®å€éšããåŒã³åºããããã«å ¬éããŠããéšåã§ãããããŠã start() -> io:fwrite(“Hello, Worldn”). ãé¢æ°ã®å®çŸ©éšåã§ããããããç解ããã°ãããªããErlangããã°ã©ããŒã®ä»²éå ¥ãã§ãã
3.3 ãã¹ãæ¹æ³
Erlangãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§äœæããã³ãŒãã®ãã¹ãã¯ãErlangã®çµèŸŒã¿ãã¹ããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ãã Eunit ã䜿ããŸããEunitã¯Erlangã®æšæºã©ã€ãã©ãªã®äžéšã§ãããJUnitã®ãããªãŠããããã¹ããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšåæ§ã«æ©èœããŸãã
-module(hello_test). -include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl"). hello_test() -> ?assert(helloworld:start() == io:fwrite("Hello, Worldn")).
äžèšã®ã³ãŒãã¯hello_testãšããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãã€ãããããã«ãã¹ãé¢æ° hello_test() ãå®çŸ©ããŠããŸãããã®ãã¹ãé¢æ°ã§ã¯ããhelloworld:start()ãã®çµæããio:fwrite(“Hello, Worldn”)ããšäžèŽããã®ã§ããã° assert æåãšãªããŸãããã¹ããè¡ãããšã§ãããªãã®ã³ãŒããæåŸ ããŠããæ¯ãèããé©åã«å®è¡ããŠãããã確èªã§ããŸãã
4. Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãçšããéçºå®äŸ
ããŠããããŸã§Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®ç¹åŸŽãšåºæ¬çãªäœ¿ãæ¹ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŠããŸãããããããå ·äœçãªéçºã·ãŒã³ã«ã©ã掻çšããã°è¯ãã®ãå¯èœæ§ãéããŠããã§ããããïŒ ããã§ã¯äžç·ã«Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã掻çšãããå®éã®éçºã±ãŒã¹ãèŠãŠãããŸãããã
4.1 ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã®ã±ãŒã¹
Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã掻èºããå žåçãªã·ãŒã³ãšããŠãã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºãæããããŸããã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãé«éã«åŠçããè€æ°ã®ã·ã¹ãã éã§ããŒã¿ãããåãããããšãæ±ãããããããErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®æã€èé害æ§ãšå¹çæ§ã倧ãã«æŽ»ããããŸãã
äŸãã°ãWhatsAppãšãã倧æã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã°ã¢ããªã¯ãErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãæ¡çšããŠéçºãããŸããããã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã°ã¢ããªã¯ãäžæ¥ã«äœååãã®ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãæ±ãã€ã€ãããŠã³ã¿ã€ã ã極éãŸã§æžãããšããé«ãèŠæ±ã«å¯ŸããŠãErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã匷åãªæ¯ããšãªãããã®æåãå®çŸããŸããã
4.2 åæ£ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®ã±ãŒã¹
ãŸããErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãåæ£ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®éçºã«ãããŠããã®ãã¯ãŒãçºæ®ããŸãã
åæ£ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã§ã¯ãããŒã¿ã®æŽåæ§ãä¿ã¡ã€ã€ãé«éã«ããŒã¿ãåŠçããèœåãæ±ããããŸããããã¯ãErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãæã€ã䞊è¡æ§ãšãªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã æ§ã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸã§ããã®ã§ãã
Riakãšããåæ£åNoSQLããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãããã®äŸã®äžã€ã§ããRiakã¯ãããŒã¿ã®äžéšãæ倱ããŠãã·ã¹ãã å šäœãšããŠã®é«ãèé害æ§ãæã€ç¹ã§æ³šç®ã济ã³ãŠããŸããããã®ããã¯ããŒã³ãšãªã£ãŠããã®ãErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãªã®ã§ãã
以äžã®ããã«ãErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãåæ£ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšãã£ããããŒã¿ã®å€éãã€é«éãªåŠçãå¿ èŠãšããã·ã¹ãã éçºã§ç䟡ãçºæ®ããŸãããããã®ã±ãŒã¹ãèŠãŠåããããã«ãErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ããã®ç¹æ§ãæ倧éã«æŽ»ãããéçºã·ãŒã³ã§éžæããããšã§ãéçºã®å¹çåãšã·ã¹ãã ã®å質åäžã«å€§ããè²¢ç®ããŸãã
5. Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšä»ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšã®æ¯èŒ
Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãã®ç¹æ§ããä»ã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšã¯äžç·ãç»ãéšåãå€ãã§ããå ·äœçã«ãåºãå©çšãããPythonãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãJavaãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšã©ã®ãããªéããããã®ããèŠãŠã¿ãŸãããã
5.1 Pythonãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšã®æ¯èŒ
Pythonãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®äžã§ãç¹ã«äººæ°ã®ããDjangoãšErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãæ¯èŒããŠã¿ãŸããDjangoã¯Webã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçºãè¿ éã«è¡ãããšãç®æãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ããã”Don’t repeat yourself”ãšããååã«åºã¥ããŠããŸãã
äžæ¹ãErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºã«ç¹åãããã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã§ãé«åºŠãªäžŠååŠçèœåãæããŸãããã®ããããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã«æ å ±ãããåãããã²ãŒã ãµãŒããŒãéä¿¡ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºã«é©ããŠããŸãã
ã€ãŸããçšéãç°ãªããããã©ã¡ããåªããŠãããšã¯äžæŠã«ã¯èšããŸãããã©ã¡ãã®ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãéžã¶ã¹ããã¯ãéçºããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®å¿ èŠãªæ©èœãšæ§èœèŠæ±ã«ãããšããã倧ãããšèšããŸãã
5.2 Javaãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãšã®æ¯èŒ
Javaãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®äžã§ãè©äŸ¡ãé«ãSpringãšErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãæ¯èŒããŸããSpringã¯ãšã³ã¿ãŒãã©ã€ãºã»ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçºã«éžã°ããããšãå€ãã倧èŠæš¡ãªã·ã¹ãã ãå¹çããéçºã§ããããèšèšãããŠããŸãã
ãããErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯åã³èšåãããŸã§ããªãããã®èé害æ§ãšé«å¯çšæ§ãæéèŠèŠããŠããŸããããã«ãããã·ã¹ãã ãããŠã³ããããšãªãäžæããããšãªã皌åãç¶ããããšãèŠæ±ãããåæ£ã·ã¹ãã ãéä¿¡ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºã«æé©ã§ãã
Javaã®ãããªçµ±åéçºç°å¢ïŒIDEïŒãå å®ããŠããããã€å€§èŠæš¡éçºãå¹çè¯ãé²ããããäžæ¹ã§ãErlangã¯ãã®ç¬ç¹ãªç¹æ§ããç¹å®ã®ããŒãºãæºããé åã§åªããããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãçºæ®ããŸãããããã£ãŠãã©ã¡ããåªããŠãããã¯éçºãããã·ã¹ãã ã®ç¹æ§ã«ãããšããã倧ããã§ãã
6. Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®æŽ»çšæ¹æ³
Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ããã®å©äŸ¿æ§ãç¹æ§ã掻ããããšã§ãããžãã¹ã®ããŸããŸãªå Žé¢ã§åœ¹ç«ã€ããŒã«ãšãªããŸãã次ã«å ·äœçãªæŽ»çšæ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠèããŠã¿ãŸãããã
6.1 ã³ã¹ãåæžãžã®è²¢ç®
Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãå¹ççãªäžŠååŠçãé 匷ãªèé害æ§ã®ãããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®å®å®çšŒåãå®çŸããŸããããã«ãããé害ã«ããããŠã³ã¿ã€ã ãæžå°ãããããšãå¯èœãšãªããããã«ããæ¥çžŸãžã®åœ±é¿ãæããããšãããããã§ããŸãããã®çµæãéçšã³ã¹ãåæžã«å¯äžã§ããŸãã
å ããŠãéçºãã§ãŒãºã§ããã®æ©æµã¯ãããŸããErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®é«æ°ŽæºãªäžŠååŠçã¯ãè€éãªãã«ãã¹ã¬ããããã°ã©ãã³ã°ã®å¿ èŠæ§ãæžãããŸããããã«ãããéçºæéãšåŽåãåæžã§ããéçºã³ã¹ããäœæžã§ããã§ãããã
6.2 ããžãã¹ããªã¥ãŒã®åäž
Erlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã®æè»æ§ãšã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ã¯ãããžãã¹ããªã¥ãŒãé«ãã倧ããªèŠçŽ ãšãªããŸããäŸãã°ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®æåã¯ãŠãŒã¶äœéšã«çŽçµããŸããã¹ã ãŒãºã§è¿ éãªåäœãå®å®çãªçšŒåã¯ããŠãŒã¶äœéšãåäžããããŠãŒã¶ãŒãã€ã€ã«ãã£ãéžæããŸãã
ãŸããErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ã¯æè»ãªã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ãæäŸãããããããžãã¹ã®æé·ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãäœæããããšãå¯èœã§ããæ°èŠãŠãŒã¶ãŒã®ç²åŸã倧éã®ãã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³åŠçãã¹ã ãŒãºã«è¡ããããžãã¹ã®æ¡å€§ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããšã§ãé·æçãªããžãã¹ããªã¥ãŒã®åäžã«è²¢ç®ããŸãã
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7. ãŸãšãïŒErlang ãã¬ãŒã ã¯ãŒã¯ãžã®æåŸ
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