1. DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®åºæ¬æŠå¿µ
ããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ïŒDWHïŒããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¯ãäŒæ¥ãçµç¹ãèšå€§ãªéã®ããŒã¿ãå¹ççã«ç®¡çã»åæããããã®ä»çµã¿ã§ããæ¬èšäºã§ã¯ãDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®åºæ¬æŠå¿µã解説ããŸãã
1.1 DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšã¯
DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšã¯ãããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ïŒDWHïŒãšããæŠå¿µãå®çŸããããã®ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã§ããããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã¯ãäŒæ¥ã®æ§ã ãªæ å ±ã·ã¹ãã ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ããéããããŒã¿ãäžå çã«æŽçã»ä¿åã»æäŸããã·ã¹ãã ã®ããšã§ãçµå¶åæãææ決å®ã®æ¯æŽãç®çãšããŠããŸãã
DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¯ããããã®ããŒã¿ãæ ŒçŽã»ç®¡çããããã®ç¬èªã®ããŒã¿æ§é ãæè¡ãæã£ãŠãããéå»ã®ããŒã¿ãé·æéä¿æããããã«èšèšãããŠããŸããäžè¬çã«ã¯ããã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšã¯ç°ãªãã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãè¿ éã«æ€çŽ¢ã»åæã§ããããæé©åãããŠããŸãã
1.2 DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®ç®ç
DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®äž»ãªç®çã¯ãäŒæ¥ãçµç¹ã®éèŠãªããŒã¿ãäžå çã«ç®¡çããè¿ éãã€å¹ççã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã»åæããããšã§ããããã«ãããçµå¶è ãææ決å®è ã¯ãããŒã¿ã«åºã¥ããæ£ç¢ºãªå€æãäžãããšãã§ããçµç¹å šäœã®æ¥çžŸåäžã競äºåã®åŒ·åã«ã€ãªãããŸãã
ãŸããDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã掻çšããããšã§ãäŒæ¥å ã®ããŒã¿å©çšã®å¹çåãããŒã¿æšªæçãªåæã«ããæ°ããªããžãã¹äŸ¡å€ã®åµåºãå¯èœãšãªããŸããäŸãã°ã顧客æ å ±ãååæ å ±ã売äžããŒã¿çã®ç°ãªãããŒã¿ãœãŒã¹ãé£æºãããããšã§ãæ°ããªé¡§å®¢ã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã®çºèŠãããŒã±ãã£ã³ã°æœçã®å¹æ枬å®ãªã©ãã§ããããã«ãªãã§ãããã
1.3 DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®æ§æèŠçŽ
DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®æ§æèŠçŽ ã«ã¯ãäž»ã«ä»¥äžã®3ã€ããããŸãã
- ããŒã¿ãœãŒã¹
- ããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹
- ããŒã¿ããŒã
ãããã®æ§æèŠçŽ ãé ã«èª¬æããŸãã
1ã€ç®ã®ããŒã¿ãœãŒã¹ã¯ãäŒæ¥ãéçšããæ§ã ãªæ å ±ã·ã¹ãã ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ããæœåºãããããŒã¿ã®ããšãæããŸããããŒã¿ãœãŒã¹ã«ã¯ãERPïŒEnterprise Resource PlanningïŒã·ã¹ãã ãCRMïŒCustomer Relationship ManagementïŒã·ã¹ãã ã販売管çã·ã¹ãã ãªã©ãäŒæ¥å å€ã®æ§ã ãªæ¥åã·ã¹ãã ãå«ãŸããŸãã
2ã€ç®ã®ããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã¯ãããŒã¿ãœãŒã¹ããæœåºãããããŒã¿ãäžå
åããç¶ç¶çã«èç©ã»ç®¡çããããŒã¿ã¹ãã¬ãŒãžã®ããšã§ããããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã§ã¯ãããŒã¿ã®ã¯ã¬ã³ãžã³ã°ãETLïŒExtract,
Transform, LoadïŒåŠçãè¡ããããŒã¿ã®å質ãåäžãããŠããŸãã
3ã€ç®ã®ããŒã¿ããŒãã¯ãããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ããæœåºãããããŒã¿ããç¹å®ã®æ¥åãéšéããšã«åé¡ã»æŽçããå°èŠæš¡ãªããŒã¿ã¹ãã¬ãŒãžã®ããšã§ããããŒã¿ããŒãã¯ãããçãç¯å²ã®ããŒã¿ãå¹ççã«æŽ»çšããããšãã§ããåéšéã®æ¥åæ¹åãææ決å®ãæ¯æŽããŸãã
以äžã®3ã€ã®æ§æèŠçŽ ãé£æºããDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¯æ©èœããŠããŸãã
2. DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®æŽ»çšæ¹æ³
DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¯äŒæ¥ã®ããŒã¿ç®¡çãæŠç¥ç«æ¡ã«äžå¯æ¬ ãªããŒã«ãšãªã£ãŠããŸããDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¯äž»ã«ããžãã¹ã€ã³ããªãžã§ã³ã¹ïŒBIïŒãããŒã¿ãã€ãã³ã°ãããŒã¿åæãšå¯èŠåã®3ã€ã®æ¹æ³ã§æŽ»çšãããŸãããã®èšäºã§ã¯ããããã®æ¹æ³ã«è¿«ããŸãã
2.1 ããžãã¹ã€ã³ããªãžã§ã³ã¹ïŒBIïŒ
ããžãã¹ã€ã³ããªãžã§ã³ã¹ïŒBIïŒãšã¯ãäŒæ¥ãæ±ããèšå€§ãªããŒã¿ãæŽçããçµç¹å šäœã§æ å ±ãå ±æããææ決å®ãè¡ãããã®æ¹æ³è«ã§ããDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¯ãBIããŒã«ãšé£æºããããŒã¿ãäžå 管çããããšã§å¹ççã«ããžãã¹ã€ã³ããªãžã§ã³ã¹ãæ¯ããŸãã
DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã掻çšããããšã§ãäŒæ¥ã¯æ§ã ãªæ¥åããŒã¿ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã§åéã»æŽçã»åæããããšãã§ããè¿ éãªææ決å®ãå®çŸããŸãããŸããããŒã¿ããŒã¹å ã®æ å ±ãçµç¹å šäœã§å ±æããããšã§ãéšééã®é£æºãåäžãã競äºååäžã«ç¹ãããŸãã
2.2 ããŒã¿ãã€ãã³ã°
ããŒã¿ãã€ãã³ã°ãšã¯ã倧éã®ããŒã¿ã®äžããæçšãªæ å ±ããã¿ãŒã³ãèŠã€ãåºãããã®ææ³ã§ããDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¯ãããŒã¿ãã€ãã³ã°ã«ãããŠéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæ ããŸããå ¥æå¯èœãªãã¹ãŠã®ããŒã¿ãäžå çã«ç®¡çããããšã§ãããŒã¿éã®é¢é£æ§ãæœåšçãªãã¿ãŒã³ãçºèŠãããããªããŸãã
ããŒã¿ãã€ãã³ã°ã掻çšããããšã§ãçµå¶è ã¯å£²äžåæãåžå Žãã¬ã³ãã®ææ¡ã顧客ã®è³Œè²·è¡åã®äºæž¬ãªã©ãææ決å®ã«åœ¹ç«ã€æ å ±ãåéããããšãã§ããŸãããŸãã補åéçºãããŒã±ãã£ã³ã°æŠç¥ã®ç«æ¡ã«ãããŒã¿ãã€ãã³ã°ã¯æå¹ã§ãã
2.3 ããŒã¿åæãšå¯èŠå
ããŒã¿åæãšã¯ãããŒã¿ã®èåŸã«ããæå³ã䟡å€ãèªã¿è§£ãããšãæããŸããDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¯ãããžãã¹ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãçŽæçã«ããŒã¿ãç解ã§ãããããç°¡åãªæäœã§ããŒã¿ãæŽçã»æœåºã»éèšã§ããæ©èœãæäŸããŠããŸãã
ãŸããããŒã¿å¯èŠåãšã¯ãåæããããŒã¿ãã°ã©ãããã£ãŒããªã©ã®èŠèŠçãªåœ¢åŒã§è¡šçŸããããšã§ããDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšé£æºããããŒã¿å¯èŠåããŒã«ã䜿çšããããšã§ã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãäžç®ã§ææ¡ãããããªããŸãã
ããŒã¿åæãšå¯èŠåã掻çšããããšã§ãäŒæ¥ã¯ããŒã¿ã®äŸ¡å€ãæ倧éã«åŒãåºãããšãã§ããŸããææ決å®ãå¹çåããäŒæ¥ã®ç«¶äºåãé«ããããã«ãDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãé©åã«æŽ»çšããŸãããã
3. DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®å°å ¥æé
DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®å°å ¥ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ãæ§ç¯ããããã®éèŠãªã¹ãããã§ãã以äžã®5ã€ã®æ®µéãçµãããšã«ãããDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®å°å ¥ãã¹ã ãŒãºã«è¡ãããŸãã
3.1 èŠä»¶å®çŸ©
ãŸãã¯ãDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãå°å ¥ããç®çãæ確ã«å®çŸ©ããããšãéèŠã§ããããã«ãããã©ã®ãããªããŒã¿ãéç©ããã©ã®ãããªæ¹æ³ã§ããŒã¿ã掻çšããããæ€èšããããšãã§ããŸããå ·äœçãªèŠä»¶å®çŸ©ã®äŸã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã
- æ¥åç®çã«åŸã£ãã¬ããŒããããã·ã¥ããŒããäœæããããã®ããŒã¿ããŒã¹èšèš
- äŒç€Ÿå šäœã®ããŒã¿æŽåæ§ãç¶æããããã®ããŒã¿ã¢ãã«ã®çå®
- é©åãªããŒã¿æŽæ°é »åºŠããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã æ§ã®ç¢ºä¿
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3.2 ããŒã¿ã¢ãã«èšèš
次ã«ãDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®ããŒã¿ã¢ãã«ãèšèšããŸããããŒã¿ã¢ãã«ã¯ãããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹å ã«ã©ã®ãããªããŒã¿ãæ ŒçŽãããã©ã®ããã«é¢é£ããããå®çŸ©ããããã®æ§é ã§ããèšèšã§ã¯ã以äžã®ãããªããŒã¿ã¢ãã«ã®çš®é¡ãéžã¶å¿ èŠããããŸãã
- ã¹ã¿ãŒã»ã¹ããŒãïŒStar SchemaïŒ
ïŒæãäžè¬çãªããŒã¿ã¢ãã«ã§ãäžã€ã®äžå¿ããŒãã«ãšè€æ°ã®å€éšããŒãã«ã§æ§æãããŠããŸãã - ã¹ããŒãã¬ãŒã¯ã»ã¹ããŒãïŒSnowflake SchemaïŒ
ïŒã¹ã¿ãŒã»ã¹ããŒããæ£èŠåããããŒã¿ã¢ãã«ã§ãå€éšããŒãã«ããŸãæ£èŠåãããŠããŸãã - ã®ã£ã©ã¯ã·ãŒã»ã¹ããŒãïŒGalaxy SchemaïŒïŒè€æ°ã®ã¹ã¿ãŒã»ã¹ããŒããçµåãã圢ã®ããŒã¿ã¢ãã«ã§ãè€æ°ã®äžå¿ããŒãã«ãååšããŸãã
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3.3 ETLããã»ã¹ã®èšèš
ããŒã¿ã¢ãã«èšèšãçµãã£ãããETLããã»ã¹ãèšèšããŸããETLïŒExtract,Transform,LoadïŒããã»ã¹ã¯ãããŒã¿ã®æœåºã»å€æã»ããŒããè¡ããããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã«ããŒã¿ãæ ŒçŽããããã»ã¹ã§ãããã®ããã»ã¹ã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®3ã€ã®ã¹ãããããããŸãã
- ããŒã¿ã®æœåºïŒExtractïŒ : åããŒã¿ãœãŒã¹ããããŒã¿ãæœåºããã
- ããŒã¿ã®å€æïŒTransformïŒ :
æœåºããããŒã¿ãããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã®ããŒã¿ã¢ãã«ã«åãããŠå€æããã - ããŒã¿ã®ããŒãïŒLoadïŒ : å€æããããŒã¿ãããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã«ããŒãããã
ETLããã»ã¹ã®èšèšã§ã¯ãããŒã¿éãæŽæ°é »åºŠãããŒã¿æã¡äž»ãããŒã¿ãœãŒã¹ã®ããªãšãŒã·ã§ã³ãªã©ãããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã«ãããããŒã¿ã®ç¹æ§ãèæ ®ããŠãå¹ççãã€æè»ã«å¯Ÿå¿ã§ããããã»ã¹ã®æ§ç¯ãæ±ããããŸãã
3.4 ããŒã¿å質管ç
ããŒã¿å質管çã¯ãããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹å ã®ããŒã¿ãæ£ç¢ºã§ä¿¡é Œæ§ãæ ä¿ãããããã«ãããŒã¿å質ã®è©äŸ¡ãæ¹åãè¡ãããã»ã¹ã§ããå ·äœçã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããªæŽ»åãè¡ããŸãã
- ãã¥ããªã±ãŒãããŒã¿ã®æ€åºã»åé€
- äžæ£ç¢ºãªããŒã¿ã®èšæ£
- ããŒã¿ã®äžè²«æ§ã®ç¢ºä¿
- ããŒã¿å€æãETLããã»ã¹ã®é害察å¿
ããŒã¿å質管çãé©åã«è¡ãããããšã§ãããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ãå®çŸãã¹ãæ¥åç®çãéæã§ããããŒã¿åºç€ãç¯ãããšãã§ããŸãããŸããå®æçãªããŒã¿å質ã®ç£æ»ããããŒã¿å質åºæºã®çå®ãšæè²ãå®æœããããšãæãŸããã§ãã
3.5 ã·ã¹ãã è©äŸ¡ãšæé©å
DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹å°å ¥åŸãã·ã¹ãã è©äŸ¡ãšæé©åãè¡ãããšã§ãããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãå¹çãåäžãããããšãã§ããŸããå ·äœçã«ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããªæŽ»åãè¡ããŸãã
- ã·ã¹ãã ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã®è©äŸ¡ãšæé©åïŒã¯ãšãªã®å¿çé床ãããŒã¿ããŒãé床ãªã©ã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ææšãè©äŸ¡ããæé©åãè¡ããŸãã
- ããŒã¿ã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã®æè»æ§ããã³ã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ã®æ€èšïŒããŒã¿éãã¢ã¯ã»ã¹æ°ãå¢å ããéã«ãã·ã¹ãã ãé©åã«å¯Ÿå¿ã§ãããã©ãããæ€èšããŸãã
- ããŒã¿ã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã®ç¢ºä¿ïŒããŒã¿ã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹å¶åŸ¡ãããã¯ã¢ããã®ããªã·ãŒãèšå®ããå®æçã«èŠçŽããŸãã
以äžã®ããã«ãDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®å°å ¥æé ãèžãã§å®æœããããšã§ãããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ãæç¶çã«äŸ¡å€ãçã¿åºãããŒã¿åºç€ãšãªãããšãæåŸ ã§ããŸãã
4. DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®ã¡ãªãããšãã¡ãªãã
DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¯ãäŒæ¥ã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãéçŽã»æŽçããŠå©çšããããã«åºã掻çšãããŠããããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã®äžçš®ã§ããæ¬èšäºã§ã¯ãDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®ã¡ãªãããšãã¡ãªããã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸãã
4.1 DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®ã¡ãªãã
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1. 倧éã®ããŒã¿ãå¹ççã«ç®¡çã»åæã§ãã
DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¯ãèšå€§ãªéã®ããŒã¿ãéçŽã»æŽçããŠäžå 管çããããšãã§ããŸããããã«ããã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãæ±ãäŒæ¥ãçµç¹ã§ã¯ãè¿ éãã€å¹ççã«ããŒã¿è§£æãã¬ããŒãäœæãå¯èœãšãªããŸãã
2. çµç¹å šäœã®ããŒã¿å©çšãä¿é²ãã
DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã«ãã£ãŠäžå 管çãããããŒã¿ã¯ãçµç¹å šäœã§å©çšãå¯èœãšãªããããçµç¹å ã®åéšçœ²ã§ããŒã¿ãå ±æãããããªããŸããããã«ãããææ決å®ããã»ã¹ã®è¿ éåãæ å ±å ±æã®ä¿é²ãå³ãããŸãã
3. ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®é«ãããŒã¿ãå©çšã§ãã
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4.2 DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®ãã¡ãªãã
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1. å°å ¥ã»éçšã³ã¹ããé«ã
DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®å°å ¥ã«ã¯ãå°éçãªç¥èãšæè¡ãå¿ èŠãšãªããŸãããŸããããŒã¿ãŠã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã®éçšãã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ã«ãã³ã¹ããããããŸããç¹ã«ãåææè³è²»çšãéçšè²»çšãé«ããããå°å ¥ãæ€èšããŠããäŒæ¥ã¯æ³šæãå¿ èŠã§ãã
2. æè»æ§ã«æ¬ ããå Žåããã
DWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®æ§é ãéçšã«ãŒã«ãåºå®çã§ããå Žåãæ°ããããŒã¿ã®çš®é¡ãå€åã«å¯Ÿå¿ããã®ãé£ããããšããããŸãããã®ãããæè»æ§ãæ±ããããç¶æ³ã§ã¯ãDWHããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã ãã§ãªããä»ã®è§£æ±ºçãæ€èšããããšãæãŸããã§ãã
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6. ãŸãšã
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