1. ã€ã³ãããã¯ã·ã§ã³ïŒLPWAãšã¯
LPWAïŒLow Power, Wide AreaïŒã¯ããã®åã®éããäœé»åã§åºç¯å²ã«éä¿¡ãè¡ãããšãã§ããã¯ã€ã€ã¬ã¹éä¿¡æè¡ã§ãããã®æè¡ã¯ãç¹ã«IoTïŒInternet of ThingsïŒããã€ã¹ãå¢å ããçŸä»£ç€ŸäŒã«ãããŠããã®æçšæ§ããŸããŸãèªèãããŠããŸãã
1.1 LPWAã®æŠèŠ
LPWAã¯ãããããªãŒé§åã®ã»ã³ãµãŒãããã€ã¹ããé·æéã«ãããåºç¯å²ã«ããŒã¿ãéä¿¡ããããã®æè¡ãšããŠéçºãããŸãããåŸæ¥ã®ã¢ãã€ã«ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãšæ¯èŒããŠæ¶è²»é»åãäœããåºç¯å²ã«ãããéä¿¡ãå¯èœã§ããããšãããé éå°ã®ããã€ã¹ããããŒã¿ãåéããããã®çæ³çãªæè¡ãšãããŠããŸããããã«ãäœã³ã¹ãã§å©çšã§ããã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã確ä¿ãããŠããŸãããããã®ç¹æ§ã¯ãLPWAãIoTããã€ã¹ã«æé©ãªéä¿¡æè¡ã§ããçç±ã瀺ããŠããŸãã
1.2 LPWAã®æŽå²ãšçºå±
LPWAã®èµ·æºã¯ã2000幎代åé ã«é¡ããŸããåœæã¯ãŸã ãIoTããšããæŠå¿µãäžè¬çã§ã¯ãªãã£ããã®ã®ãã»ã³ãµãŒãããã¯ãŒã¯ãšããèãæ¹ã泚ç®ãéããŠããŸããããããã®ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãç©ççç°å¢ãç£èŠããããã®ã»ã³ãµãŒããç¡ç·ã§ããŒã¿ãéçŽãããšãããã®ã§ãããããããã»ã³ãµãŒããã€ã¹ãããããªãŒé§åã§ããããšãããé·æéã«ãããéçšã«ã¯æ¶è²»é»åã®åé¡ããããŸããã
ããã解決ããããã«ãäœé»åã§åºç¯å²ã«éä¿¡ãå¯èœãªæ°ããªç¡ç·éä¿¡æè¡ãæ±ãããããããLPWAã®éçºãžãšã€ãªãããŸãããLPWAã¯ãIoTãçŸå®ã®ãã®ãšãªãã«ã€ããŠããã®éèŠæ§ãå¢ããŠããŸããä»æ¥ã§ã¯ãã¹ããŒãã·ãã£ã蟲æ¥ããã«ã¹ã±ã¢ãªã©ãå€ãã®åéã§LPWAã掻çšãããŠããŸãã
2. LPWAã®æè¡çç¹åŸŽ
LPWAã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ããã®ååã«ãè¡šããŠããããã«ãäœé»åã§åºç¯å²ã®éä¿¡ãå¯èœã«ããããšã§ãããããããããã®ç¹æ§ã ããLPWAãå®çŸ©ããããã§ã¯ãããŸããããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãLPWAã®äž»èŠãªæè¡çç¹æ§ã詳ãã説æããŸãã
2.1 é·è·é¢éä¿¡ãšäœé»åæ¶è²»
LPWAã®æ倧ã®ç¹æ§ã¯ãäœé»åã§é·è·é¢éä¿¡ãå®çŸã§ããããšã§ããããã¯ãé»åæ¶è²»ãæå°éã§ãããªãããåºç¯å²ã®ãšãªã¢ãã«ããŒã§ãããšããããšãæå³ããŸããäžéšã®LPWAæè¡ã§ã¯ãæ°kmããæ°åkmã®ç¯å²ã§éä¿¡ããããšãå¯èœã§ãé»æºäŸçµŠãé£ããå Žæãé éå°ã«èšçœ®ãããããã€ã¹ãšã®éä¿¡ã«é©ããŠããŸããããã¯ãIoTããã€ã¹ãåºç¯å²ã«åæ£ããŠé 眮ãããç¶æ³ã«ç¹ã«æçšã§ãã
2.2 倧容éããŒã¿ã®éåä¿¡
LPWAã¯ã倧éã®ããŒã¿ãå¹ççã«éåä¿¡ããããšãå¯èœã§ããããã¯ãç©ççãªè·é¢ãé»æ³¢ã®åŒ·ãã«åœ±é¿ãåãããå€æ°ã®ããã€ã¹ããåæã«ããŒã¿ãåéããããšãå¯èœã«ããŸãããããããã®äžæ¹ã§ãLPWAã¯ããŒã¿ã¬ãŒããæ¯èŒçäœããšããç¹æ§ãæã£ãŠããŸããããã¯ãæ¶è²»é»åãæãããããããã³åºç¯å²ã«éä¿¡ããããã®ãã¬ãŒããªããšãªããŸãã
2.3 ä¿¡é Œæ§ãšã»ãã¥ãªãã£
LPWAãããã¯ãŒã¯ã¯ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãšã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãéèŠãªç¹æ§ãšããŠæã£ãŠããŸããä¿¡é Œæ§ã¯ãããŒã¿ã確å®ã«éåä¿¡ãããããšãä¿èšŒããæ©èœã§ããäžæ¹ãã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã¯ãéåä¿¡ãããããŒã¿ã®ä¿è·ãæããŸããLPWAæè¡ã§ã¯ãããŒã¿ã®æå·åãèªèšŒæ©èœãªã©ããããã®èŠçŽ ã確ä¿ããããã®æ©èœãçµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããŸããããã«ãããLPWAã¯ãããžãã¹ç°å¢ãã¯ãªãã£ã«ã«ãªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§äœ¿çšããããã®ä¿¡é Œæ§ãšã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãæäŸããŸãã
ãããã®ç¹æ§ã«ãããLPWAã¯åºç¯å²ã«ãããå€æ°ã®ããã€ã¹ãšã®éä¿¡ãå¹ççã«ããã€å®å šã«è¡ãããšãå¯èœãšãªããŸããããã¯ãIoTãæã€å€æ§æ§ãšèŠæš¡æã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããã«å¿ èŠãªç¹æ§ã§ãããããã®ç¹æ§ããLPWAãIoTããã€ã¹ã®éä¿¡ã«åºãæ¡çšãããçç±ãæããã«ããŸãã
3. LPWAã®å ·äœçãªé©çšäŸ
LPWAã®æè¡ã¯ããã®ç¹æ§ããå€ãã®åéã§æŽ»çšãããŠããŸããç¹ã«ãåºç¯å²ã«ããã€ã¹ãé 眮ãããå®æçãªããŒã¿åéãå¿ èŠãªåéã§ãã®åãçºæ®ããŸãããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ã¯ãLPWAã®å ·äœçãªé©çšäŸãããã€ã玹ä»ããŸãã
3.1 ã¹ããŒãã·ãã£ãšLPWA
ã¹ããŒãã·ãã£ã¯ãéœåžã®åéšéã§IoTããã€ã¹ã掻çšããéœåžéå¶ãããå¹ççã§ã¹ã ãŒãºã«ããåãçµã¿ã§ããLPWAã¯ãå ¬å ±äº€éæ©é¢ãé§è»å Žãè¡ç¯ããŽãåéãªã©ãæ§ã ãªé åã§äœ¿çšãããŠããŸããäŸãã°ãè¡ç¯ã®é»åæ¶è²»ãé©åã«ç®¡çããããã«ãé éããè¡ç¯ã®ç¶æ ãã¢ãã¿ãªã³ã°ããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠé»åäŸçµŠã調æŽããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
3.2 蟲æ¥åéã«ãããLPWAã®å©çš
蟲æ¥ã«ãããŠãLPWAã®å©çšã¯å¢ããŠããŸããèŸ²å Žãçãåºç¯å²ã«åã¶å ŽåãLPWAãå©çšããããšã§ãåå£ã®æ¹¿åºŠã枩床ãæ€ç©ã®æé·ç¶æ³ãªã©ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã§ã¢ãã¿ãªã³ã°ã§ããŸããããã«ããã蟲äœç©ã®ç®¡çã容æã«ãªããåç©«éãå質ã®åäžã«å¯äžããŸãã
3.3 ãã«ã¹ã±ã¢ã«ãããLPWAã®åœ¹å²
ãã«ã¹ã±ã¢åéã§ã¯ãLPWAã䜿çšãããªã¢ãŒãã¢ãã¿ãªã³ã°ãäžè¬çã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããæ£è ã®å¥åº·ç¶æ ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã§è¿œè·¡ããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠå»çã¹ã¿ããã«ã¢ã©ãŒããéãããšãå¯èœã§ããããã«ãããæ©æçºèŠãšæ©æ察å¿ãå¯èœãšãªããæ£è ã®å¥åº·ç®¡çã倧ããæ¹åããŸãã
3.4 ãã®ä»ã®æ¥çã§ã®LPWAã®æŽ»çš
ãããã®äŸä»¥å€ã«ããLPWAã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒç®¡çãç°å¢ã¢ãã¿ãªã³ã°ãç©æµã補é æ¥ãªã©ãæ§ã ãªæ¥çã§æŽ»çšãããŠããŸãããšãã«ã®ãŒç®¡çã§ã¯ãã¹ããŒãã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãçšããŠé»åæ¶è²»ããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã§ç£èŠãããšãã«ã®ãŒã®ç¡é§ãåæžããŸããç°å¢ã¢ãã¿ãªã³ã°ã§ã¯ãLPWAã䜿çšããŠé éå°ã®æ°è±¡æ å ±ã倧æ°æ±æã¬ãã«ãå®æçã«åéããŸããç©æµæ¥çã§ã¯ãLPWAãå©çšãããã©ããã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã§è²šç©ã®äœçœ®ãç¶æ ã確èªããå¹ççãªééãå®çŸããŸãã補é æ¥ã§ã¯ãå·¥å Žå ã®æ©åšã®çšŒåç¶æ³ãç£èŠããå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠã¡ã³ããã³ã¹ãè¡ãããšã§ãããŠã³ã¿ã€ã ãæå°éã«æããŸãã
以äžã®ããã«ãLPWAã¯ãã®ç¹æ§ã掻ãããŠæ§ã ãªæ¥çã§åºã掻çšãããŠããŸãããããã®é©çšäŸã¯ãLPWAããããããããã«å€ãã®åéã§æŽ»çšãããå¯èœæ§ã瀺ããŠããŸãã
4. LPWAãšä»ã®ç¡ç·éä¿¡æè¡ãšã®æ¯èŒ
ç¡ç·éä¿¡æè¡ã¯å€æ°ååšãããããããç¹å®ã®çšéã«æé©åãããŠããŸããããã§ã¯ãLPWAãšä»ã®äž»èŠãªç¡ç·éä¿¡æè¡ãããªãã¡Wi-FiãBluetoothãããã³4G/LTEãšã®æ¯èŒãè¡ããŸãã
4.1 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 4G/LTEãšLPWA
Wi-FiãšBluetoothã¯ãçè·é¢ã§é«éãªããŒã¿äŒéãå¯èœãªæè¡ã§ãããããããããã®æè¡ã¯é»åæ¶è²»ãæ¯èŒçé«ãã倧éã®ããã€ã¹ãé·æéã«ããã£ãŠæ¥ç¶ããã«ã¯äžåãã§ããäžæ¹ã4G/LTEã¯é«éãªããŒã¿äŒéãšåºç¯å²ã®ã«ãã¬ããžãæäŸããŸãããé»åæ¶è²»ãé«ããéä¿¡ã³ã¹ããããããŸãã
äžæ¹ãLPWAã¯äœé»åã§é·è·é¢ã®éä¿¡ãå¯èœã§ã倧éã®ããã€ã¹ãæ¥ç¶ããããšãã§ããŸããããã¯ãIoTããã€ã¹ã®å€ããå°éã®ããŒã¿ãé·æéã«ããã£ãŠéä¿¡ããããšãå€ããããLPWAãé©ããŠããŸãã
4.2 åéä¿¡æè¡ã®é©çšã·ããªãª
Wi-FiãBluetoothã¯ãåã ã®ããã€ã¹éã®é«éãªããŒã¿äŒéãå¿ èŠãªå ŽåãäŸãã°ã¹ããŒããã©ã³ãããœã³ã³ãããªã³ã¿ãŒãªã©ã®æ¥ç¶ã«é©ããŠããŸãããŸãã4G/LTEã¯ã¹ããŒããã©ã³ãã¿ãã¬ãããªã©ã®ã¢ãã€ã«ããã€ã¹ã§ã®é«éãªã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããæ¥ç¶ã«äœ¿çšãããŸãã
äžæ¹ãLPWAã¯åºç¯å²ã«ããã€ã¹ãé 眮ãããå®æçãªããŒã¿åéãå¿ èŠãªã·ããªãªã«é©ããŠããŸããäŸãã°ãã¹ããŒãã·ãã£ã®ã€ã³ãã©ã¹ãã©ã¯ãã£ç®¡çããåºç¯å²ã«åã¶èŸ²å Žã§ã®åå£ç¶æ ã®ã¢ãã¿ãªã³ã°ãé éå°ã§ã®ç°å¢ã¢ãã¿ãªã³ã°ãªã©ã«å©çšãããŸãã
以äžã®ããã«ãåç¡ç·éä¿¡æè¡ã¯ããããã®ç¹æ§ãšé©çšã·ããªãªã«ãã£ãŠäœ¿ãåããããŸããLPWAã¯ãã®ç¹æ§ã掻ãããŠã倧éã®ããã€ã¹ãé·æéã«ããã£ãŠäœã³ã¹ãã§æ¥ç¶ããããšãã§ãããããIoTã®åéã§éåžžã«éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŠããŸãã
5. LPWAã®æªæ¥ïŒå¯èœæ§ãšææŠ
LPWAã®æè¡ã¯ããã®é·è·é¢éä¿¡ãšäœé»åæ¶è²»ã®ç¹æ§ã«ãããIoTã®äžçã«é©æ°ããããããŠããŸãããããããã®åéã¯ãŸã çºå±éäžã§ããã5Gã®ç»å ŽãIoTåžå Žã®æé·ãšãšãã«ãæ°ããªå¯èœæ§ãšææŠãååšããŸãã
5.1 5GãšLPWAã®é¢ä¿
5Gã¯æ¬¡äžä»£ã®éä¿¡èŠæ Œã§ãããè¶ é«éã®ããŒã¿äŒéãšäœé 延ãå®çŸããŸããããã«ããããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã®æ åäŒéãèªåé転è»äž¡ã®å¶åŸ¡ãªã©ãæ°ããªã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãããããã5Gã¯é»åæ¶è²»ãé«ããIoTããã€ã¹ã®é·æéã®éçšã«ã¯å¶çŽããããŸãã
äžæ¹ãLPWAã¯äœé»åã§é·è·é¢ã®éä¿¡ãå¯èœã§ã倧éã®ããã€ã¹ãæ¥ç¶ããããšãã§ããŸããããã«ãããLPWAã¯5Gã®è£å®æè¡ãšããŠäœçœ®ä»ããããåºç¯å²ã«ããã€ã¹ãåæ£ããIoTã·ã¹ãã ã«é©ããŠããŸãã
5.2 IoTåžå Žã§ã®LPWAã®äœçœ®ã¥ã
IoTåžå Žã¯æ¥éã«æ¡å€§ããŠããããã®äžã§LPWAã®åœ¹å²ã¯ãŸããŸãéèŠã«ãªã£ãŠããŸããLPWAã¯å€§éã®IoTããã€ã¹ãé·æéã«ããã£ãŠäœã³ã¹ãã§æ¥ç¶ããããšãã§ããã¹ããŒãã·ãã£ã蟲æ¥ãç°å¢ã¢ãã¿ãªã³ã°ãªã©ã®åéã§åºç¯å²ã«ãããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãæåŸ ãããŠããŸãã
5.3 LPWAã®æªæ¥ãžã®å±æ
LPWAã®æè¡ã¯ãŸã çºå±éäžã§ãããæ°ããªæè¡ã®é²åãšåžå Žã®éèŠã«å¿ããŠé²åãç¶ããããšã§ããããäŸãã°ãã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã®åŒ·åãéä¿¡å質ã®æ¹åãé»åæ¶è²»ã®ãããªãåæžãªã©ãæåŸ ãããŠããŸãããŸããæ°ããªããžãã¹ã¢ãã«ããµãŒãã¹ã®éçºã«ãããLPWAã®å©çšç¯å²ã¯ããã«åºããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
LPWAã®å¯èœæ§ã¯å€§ããäžæ¹ãæè¡ã®æ®åãæšæºåãã€ã³ãã©ã®æŽåãªã©ã®èª²é¡ããããŸãããããããããã®ææŠãä¹ãè¶ããããšã§ãLPWAã¯IoTã®æªæ¥ã圢æããéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæããããšã§ãããã
æè¡ã®é²åãšãšãã«ãç§ãã¡ã®ç掻ã¯ãã䟿å©ã§å¹ççã«ãªããããã¯LPWAã®ãããªæè¡ãæ¯ããŠããããšãå¿ããŠã¯ãªããŸãããããããããLPWAã®é²åãšãã®å¯èœæ§ã«æ³šç®ããŠãããŸãããã
6. ã³ã³ã¯ã«ãŒãžã§ã³ïŒLPWAã®éèŠæ§
ãããŸã§LPWAã®æè¡çç¹åŸŽãé©çšäŸãä»ã®ç¡ç·éä¿¡æè¡ãšã®æ¯èŒããããŠæªæ¥ã®å¯èœæ§ã«ã€ããŠè§£èª¬ããŠããŸããããã®å šãŠãèžãŸããŠãæåŸã«LPWAã®éèŠæ§ãšä»åŸã®çºå±ã«ã€ããŠãŸãšããŠãããŸãããã
6.1 LPWAã®å©ç¹ãšèª²é¡ã®å確èª
LPWAã®æ倧ã®å©ç¹ã¯ãã®é·è·é¢éä¿¡ãšäœé»åæ¶è²»ã«ãããŸããããã«ãããã»ã³ãµãŒãããã€ã¹ãåºç¯å²ã§ããã€é·æéã«ããã£ãŠããŒã¿ãéåä¿¡ã§ããããšãå¯èœã«ãªããŸãããŸãã倧容éããŒã¿ã®éåä¿¡èœåãä¿¡é Œæ§ãšã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãéèŠãªç¹åŸŽã§ãããããã®ç¹æ§ãLPWAããã¹ããŒãã·ãã£ã蟲æ¥ããã«ã¹ã±ã¢ãªã©ãæ§ã ãªåéã§ã®é©çšäŸãžãšã€ãªããŠããŸãã
äžæ¹ã§ãLPWAã«ã¯ãŸã 課é¡ãååšããŸããéä¿¡é床ã®éçãããã€ã¹ã®å€æ°æ¥ç¶ãžã®å¯Ÿå¿ããããŠããŸããŸãªç°å¢ã§ã®éä¿¡å質ã®ç¢ºä¿ãªã©ããŸã 解決ãã¹ãåé¡ãååšããŸãã
6.2 LPWAã®ä»åŸã®çºå±
ããã§ããLPWAã®å¯èœæ§ã¯ç¡é倧ã§ããæ°ããªéä¿¡èŠæ Œã®éçºãæè¡ã®é²åããããŠIoTåžå Žã®æ¡å€§ãšãšãã«ãLPWAã¯æŽãªãçºå±ãéããã§ããããç¹ã«5Gãšã®é¢é£æ§ãIoTåžå Žã§ã®äœçœ®ã¥ãã¯ãLPWAã®æªæ¥ãå·Šå³ããéèŠãªèŠçŽ ãšãªããŸãã
ãããŠãLPWAã瀟äŒã«ãããã圱é¿ã¯èšãç¥ããŸãããã¹ããŒãã·ãã£ã®å®çŸã蟲æ¥ããã«ã¹ã±ã¢ã®å¹çåããšãã«ã®ãŒç®¡çã®æé©åãªã©ãç§ãã¡ã®ç掻ãããè¯ããã®ã«ããããã®éå ·ãšããŠãLPWAã®æŽ»çšãæåŸ ãããŠããŸãã
æåŸã«ããããã®å¯èœæ§ãæ倧éã«åŒãåºãããã«ã¯ãæè¡è ã ãã§ãªããç§ãã¡äžäººäžäººãLPWAããã®ä»ã®ç¡ç·éä¿¡æè¡ã«ã€ããŠç解ãæ·±ãããã®æŽ»çšæ¹æ³ãèããããšãéèŠã§ããããããçã®ã¹ããŒã瀟äŒãå®çŸãã第äžæ©ãšãªãã§ããããLPWAã®ãããŸã§ã®çºå±ãšãããããã®å¯èœæ§ãç解ããããšã§ãç§ãã¡ã¯ããé«åºŠãªãã¯ãããžãŒã«ããæªæ¥ãèªåãã¡ã®æã§åœ¢æããããšãã§ããŸãã